Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.

Mimosa de Farnèse (fr), Cassie (fr), Cassier (fr), Mimosa de Farnesie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Vachellia

Characteristics

Rounded, often spreading, multistemmed shrub to 4 m high, occasionally a small tree to 7 m high. Bark smooth or finely fissured, grey-brown. Branchlets flexuose, normally glabrous (though often hairy towards apex and glabrous with age), prominently lenticellate. Stipular spines 2–30 (–45) mm long. Leaves bipinnate: petiole 0.2–2 cm long, pubescent especially above, with a gland mostly at or above the middle; rachis 0.3–5.5 cm long, sparsely to densely pubescent especially above, sometimes with a small gland at apex, rarely with other jugary glands; pinnae 1–7 pairs, 0.7–4.2 (–5) cm long; pinnules 5–15 (–23) pairs, mostly ±narrowly oblong or slightly oblanceolate, 1.2–11.5 (–15) mm long, 0.5–2.5 (–3.5) mm wide, obtuse, ±concolorous, with prominent stomata, ciliolate mostly near base or glabrous, with midvein and lateral veins more visible and slightly raised beneath. Inflorescences simple, 1–3 (–6) in axils; peduncles 3–30 (–57) mm long, hairy, with involucel of bracts at apex and hidden by flowers; heads globular, (33–) 40–95-flowered, 9–15 mm diam., orange-yellow to bright golden, sweetly scented. Mature pods subterete to terete, 1.5–8.5 cm long, 8–17 mm wide, turgid, dark brown to black, obliquely to longitudinally finely striate, sometimes with ridges, glabrous, indehiscent. Seeds separated by pith.
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Shrub or small tree to 4 m high; young branchlets grey to reddish-brown or purplish, epidermis not obviously peeling off, with numerous somewhat transversely elongated lenticels, glabrous or almost so. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, usually short, up to 1.5(3) cm long, straight, slender, never inflated; 'ant-galls' and other prickles absent. Leaves bipinnate: petiole sparingly to ± densely pubescent, usually with a small gland; rhachis sparingly to ± densely pubescent, often with a small gland below the junction of the top pinna pair; pinnae 2-7 pairs; leaflets 10-21 pairs, 2-7 x 0.75-1.75 mm, midrib and lateral nerves visible and somewhat raised beneath, glabrous throughout or with few inconspicuous marginal cilia. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or in pairs or threes. Flowers bright golden-yellow, sweetly scented; peduncles sparingly to ± densely pubescent basally, sparingly glandular; involucel apical. Calyx and corolla glabrous except for the apices of the lobes. Pods dark brown to blackish, 4-7.5 x 0.9-1.5 cm, straight or curved, subterete and turgid, glabrous, tardily dehiscent, finely longitudinally striate. Seeds chestnut-brown, 7-8 x 5.5 mm, elliptic, thick, only slightly compressed; areole 6-7 x 4 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Within Australia Vachellia farnesiana is scattered or forms dense thickets, in low open woodland, woodland, tall open shrubland, grassland and occasionally low open forest, in alluvial clay soils and other heavy soils as well as sandy loams, frequently on open plains, floodplains and near watercourses.
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Dry sandy soils in pinelands, hammocks and disturbed areas in south-eastern N. America. It sometimes forms impenetrable thickets, although in most areas it forms a more open cover.
Dry sandy soils in pinelands, hammocks and disturbed areas in south-eastern N. America. It sometimes forms impenetrable thickets, although in most areas it forms a more open cover.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 1-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

Details on the utilisation of Vachellia farnesiana in Australia are given by Cribb & Cribb (1974), Cunningham et al. (1981), Hall et al. (1981), Whibley & Symon (1992) and Lithgow (1997). The foliage and young, green pods are palatable to cattle and sheep. Vachellia farnesiana is favoured for its fragrant flowers and is cultivated in Mediterranean countries for its essential oil to manufacture perfumes.
Uses animal food dye environmental use essential oil fodder food forage fuel gene source gum hedge invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental poison tanning timber wood
Edible flowers fruits gums leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (bark), Astringents (bark), Bronchitis (bark), Demulcents (bark), Dental caries (bark), Malaria (bark), Polyuria (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Uterine diseases (bark), Diarrhea (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Cardiotonic agents (fruit), Carrageenan (fruit), Hypoglycemic agents (fruit), Neuromuscular agents (fruit), Eye diseases (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Sexually transmitted diseases (leaf), Contraceptive agents (root), Headache (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Cancer(Stomach) (unspecified), Carbuncle (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Convulsion (unspecified), Delirium (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Insanity (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Mucous (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Perfume (unspecified), Rabies (unspecified), Repellant (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rinderpest (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sterility (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Disorder of ejaculation (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Infertility, female (unspecified), Mental disorders (unspecified), Periodontal diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Apnea (whole plant), Contraceptive agents (whole plant), Hypotension (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vachellia farnesiana habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Vachellia farnesiana habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Vachellia farnesiana habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Vachellia farnesiana leaf picture by julian spezz (cc-by-sa)
Vachellia farnesiana leaf picture by Mélanie Herteman (cc-by-sa)
Vachellia farnesiana leaf picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vachellia farnesiana flower picture by Liz Pucket (cc-by-sa)
Vachellia farnesiana flower picture by marie butel (cc-by-sa)
Vachellia farnesiana flower picture by luigi GRECO (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vachellia farnesiana fruit picture by Manuel Bolaño (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vachellia farnesiana world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mexico, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Nepal, Nauru, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, El Salvador, Suriname, Seychelles, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Vachellia farnesiana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1099713-2
WFO ID wfo-0000182273
COL ID 7F8WF
BDTFX ID 70511
INPN ID 128357
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Mimosa farnesiana Acacia indica Popanax farnesiana Mimosa suaveolens Acacia lenticellata Acacia smallii Vachellia densiflora Acacia ferox Mimosa acicularis Acacia minuta Acacia farnesiana Pithecellobium minutum Acacia pedunculata Acacia acicularis Farnesiana odora Acacia edulis Mimosa pedunculata Mimosa indica Farnesia odora Poponax farnesiana Acacia minuta subsp. minuta Acacia minuta subsp. densiflora Pithecellobium acuminatum Acacia densiflora Acacia farnesiana f. pedunculata Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana Acacia farnesiana var. lenticellata Vachellia farnesiana

Lower taxons

Vachellia farnesiana var. pinetorum Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana