Vachellia haematoxylon (Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Vachellia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree to 10 m high; trunk to 0.3 m in diam.; crown often irregularly rounded, narrow, branches drooping somewhat. Bark dark greyish-brown to blackish, rough; young branchlets pale to dark grey or reddish-brown to purple, often appearing as though whitewashed over a purplish background, flaking minutely, slender, sparingly to densely grey-puberulous or tomentellous, seldom subglabrous. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, 0.5-5.7 cm long, slender, never inflated, straight, greyish-white to reddish-brown; other prickles absent. Leaves usually densely grey-tomentellous, bipinnate but the leaflets so small and laterally compressed that the pinnae resemble single linear crenulate leaflets: petiole 1-5(7) mm long, adaxial gland often absent; rhachis 0.8-5.1(8.2) cm long, with minute reddish glands scattered amongst the grey indumentum, a small yellowish-brown gland often present at the junction of the top 1-6 and the lowest 1-3 pinnae pairs or between each or most pairs; pinnae 6-26 pairs; rhachillae (0.3)0.5-1(1.5) cm long, with minute reddish glands scattered amongst the grey indumentum; leaflets grey, 12-24(35) pairs per pinna, 0.25-0.8 x 0.2-0.5 mm, oblong, tightly laterally compressed, superficially appearing simply pinnate, densely puberulous. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or fascicled. Flowers bright golden-yellow, grey in bud, sessile, sometimes some flowers are male only; peduncles 1-2.4 cm long, densely grey-tomentellous, somewhat glandular; involucel at or above the middle or at the apex of the peduncle. Calyx 1.4-2 mm long, apices of lobes densely tomentellous, lobes shallow or free for most of their length. Corolla 1.8-3 mm long, apices of lobes sparingly to densely tomentellous, lobes free almost to the base. Stamen-filaments free or connate into groups basally, up to 4.5 mm long; anthers with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary up to 1.5 mm long, sessile, glabrous at first but soon becoming pubescent. Pods densely grey-velutinous all over, with numerous minute dark reddish-brown to purplish glands particularly when young, 8-21 cm long, 0.6-1.4 cm wide, up to 0.9 cm thick, indehiscent, falcate or curled into a complete circle, seldom straightish, margin entire or irregularly constricted between the seeds and ± moniliform, slightly spongy within. Seeds dark reddish-or purplish-brown, 8.5-11.5 x 6-9 mm, lenticular to elliptic, sometimes scarcely compressed; areole 5-7 x 3.5-5 mm, almost closed.
More
A shrub or small tree. It grows to 6 m high. The bark is grey-brown. The leaves are compound. They have 15-27 pairs if leaflets each with very small leaflets along them. These are so fine they look like teeth. The leaves are densely covered with fine grey hairs. The flowers are in yellow balls. The fruit are long slender pods. These are up to 14 cm long by 1.3 cm wide. They are curved and densely grey and velvety. They are slightly constricted between the seeds.
Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m high. Leaves densely grey-tomentose, bipinnate but leaflets so tightly compressed laterally that leaves appear simply pinnate. Pods densely grey-velutinous all over with numerous minute, dark, reddish brown to purplish glands, 80-210 x 6-14 mm, falcate or curled into a complete circle. Flowers bright yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in desert and semidesert regions. It occurs on deep red sandy soil. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The resin or gum from the tree is edible. The pod wall of the fruit is edible.
Uses animal food fodder gum material medicinal
Edible fruits gums pods
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is not easy to cultivate.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Vachellia haematoxylon world distribution map, present in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa

Conservation status

Vachellia haematoxylon threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60453645-2
WFO ID wfo-0000745798
COL ID 7F96P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acacia haematoxylon Mimosa haematoxylon Acacia atomiphylla Vachellia haematoxylon