Veratrum nigrum L.

Black false hellebore (en), Vérâtre noir (fr), Vératre noir (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Liliales > Melanthiaceae > Veratrum

Characteristics

Plants stout, to 1 m tall, basally with black, reticulate fibers formed from disintegrated sheaths. Leaves cauline, sessile or sometimes shortly petiolate in distal part of stem; leaf blade broadly elliptic to broadly ovate-lanceolate, usually 22--25 × ca. 10 cm, glabrous, apex acute or acuminate. Panicle many flowered; lateral branches suberect or spreading at an acute angle, often with male flowers; terminal raceme usually with bisexual flowers; rachis densely white woolly; bracts pubescent marginally and abaxially. Pedicel on branches of panicle ca. 5 mm, subequaling bracts, densely woolly. Tepals black-purple, oblong, 5--8 × ca. 3 mm, spreading or slightly recurved in bisexual flowers, margin entire. Stamens 2.5--4 mm. Ovary glabrous. Capsule 1.5--2 × 1--1.3 cm. Fl. and fr. Jul--Sep. 2 n = 16, 64.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.25 - 1.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry glades and water meadows, mountain slopes, scrub and rarely in broad-leaved woods in Siberia.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Analgesic (unspecified), Apoplexy (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sternutatory (unspecified), Sclerosis(Spleen) (unspecified)
Human toxicity strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 90 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Veratrum nigrum habit picture by Ágnes Varga (cc-by-sa)
Veratrum nigrum habit picture by Giovanni Scarmoncin (cc-by-sa)
Veratrum nigrum habit picture by Cristian Zanella Cristian Zanella (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Veratrum nigrum leaf picture by Judit Simon (cc-by-sa)
Veratrum nigrum leaf picture by Balázs Heizler (cc-by-sa)
Veratrum nigrum leaf picture by ana bekavac (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Veratrum nigrum flower picture by Giovanni Scarmoncin (cc-by-sa)
Veratrum nigrum flower picture by Katarina Denac (cc-by-sa)
Veratrum nigrum flower picture by Jason Fiant (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Veratrum nigrum world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, and Ukraine

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:543516-1
WFO ID wfo-0000751755
COL ID 7FNJT
BDTFX ID 70728
INPN ID 128522
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Melanthium nigrum Veratrum ussuriense Veratrum purpureum Helonias nigra Veratrum bracteatum Veratrum nigrum subsp. ussuriense Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense Veratrum nigrum var. microcarpum Veratrum nigrum