Vernonia arkansana Dc.

Arkansas ironweed (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Vernonia

Characteristics

Plants 8–12(–20) dm. Stems scab-rellous to pilosulous, glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades lance-linear, 6–14(–20) cm × 7–15(–25) mm, l/w = 7–10(–18), abaxially scabrellous (hairs awl-shaped), resin-gland-dotted, adaxially scaberulous, glabrescent, resin-gland-dotted. Heads in ± corymbiform arrays. Peduncles 2–5 cm. Involucres ± hemispheric, 11–15 × 11–15 mm. Phyllaries (50–)60–70+ in 5–6 series, scabrellous (and resin-gland-dotted), margins ciliolate, the outer lance-ovate, 3–8+ mm, inner lanceolate, 12–15 mm, tips subulate to filiform. Florets 50–100+. Cypselae 3–5 mm; pappi fuscous to purplish, outer scales 25–30+, 0.5–1 mm, contrasting with 25–30+, 5–7 mm inner bristles. 2n = 34.
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Stems 0.7–1.5(–2) m, glabrous or nearly so (or more puberulent above) and somewhat glaucous; lvs linear or lance-linear, 10–20 × 0.5–2.5 cm, acuminate, denticulate or sometimes entire, glabrous or rarely thinly hairy, pitted-punctate beneath; infl very irregular, the pedicels 1–5 cm, thickened at the top; fls mostly 55–100+; invol 9–15 mm, its bracts arachnoid-ciliate, linear or narrowly lanceolate at the appressed base, with loosely flexuous filiform tip 2–4 mm; pappus brownish-purple; 2n=34. Low woods and streambanks; Ozark region of Mo., s. Ill., Ark., Okla., and Kans., occasionally intr. n. and e. to Wis. (V. crinita)
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

Uses environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 84
Germination temperacture (C°) 4
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Vernonia arkansana leaf picture by Eylisia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vernonia arkansana world distribution map, present in United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:257875-1
WFO ID wfo-0000042710
COL ID 5B4GD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vernonia arkansana Cacalia arkansana Vernonia crinita