Vicia cracca L.

Tufted vetch (en), Vesce craque (fr), Jarosse (fr), Vesce cracca (fr), Vesce à épis (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Vicia

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, 40-150 cm tall. Stem climbing or trailing, hairy (sometimes densely gray-white villous) or gla­brescent. Leaves paripinnate; stipules semihastate; leaflets 5-12-paired, linear, linear-lanceolate, or oblong, 11-30 × 2-4 mm, margin entire, apex rounded or acute, mucronate; lateral veins sparse, not obvious; tendril 2-or 3-branched. Raceme sub­equaling leaf, 10-40-flowered. Calyx campanulate. Corolla pur­ple, blue-purple, or purple-red, 8-13(-15) mm; standard violin-shaped, equaling wings and longer than keel, limb (distal part) of standard subequaling claw (proximal part). Ovary stalked; ovules 4-7. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-25 × ca. 5 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 3-6. Fl. (Dec), Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 12, 14, 21, 22, 24, 28.
More
Scrambling perennial; stem moderately to densely clothed in mostly appressed hairs. Lvs densely clothed in appressed hairs above and below; tendrils branched at least in upper lvs; leaflets in c. 8-10 pairs, sometimes alternate, linear to ovate-oblong, 5-25 mm long; stipules entire or with 1, narrow, adaxial, basal lobe. Infl. > lvs, 10-45-flowered. Peduncle much > fls. Pedicel 1-2 mm long. Calyx slightly gibbous at base, moderately to densely hairy; calyx teeth very unequal; lower teeth ± = tube; upper teeth much < tube. Corolla blue to bluish purple, c. 8-12 mm long; limb of standard ± = claw. Pod glabrous, brown, 2-6-seeded, 16-26 mm long; seeds dark brown or mottled, 2-3 mm diam.; hilum 1/4-⅓ of circumference.
Trailing or climbing perennial to 1 m; lfls usually 5–11 pairs, linear to narrowly oblong, 1–3 cm, with few lateral veins leaving the midrib at a very narrow angle; stipules entire; racemes long-peduncled, dense, secund, equaling or exceeding the subtending lf, with 20–50 crowded blue (white) fls 8–13 mm; cal-tube oblique, gibbous at base, 2–3 mm, the upper lobes broadly triangular, 0.3–0.7 mm, the lowest linear-triangular, 1.3–2.5 mm; blade of the standard about as long as the claw; 2n=14, 28. Fields, roadsides, and meadows; native of Eurasia and possibly ne. N. Amer., widely naturalized in n. U.S. and s. Can., especially eastward, and found essentially throughout our range. June–Aug.
Annual, scrambling or climbing herb, 0.6-2.0 m high; stems numerously branched, climbing by means of tendrils, fairly hairy. Leaves with rachis terminating in slender, ramified filiform, tendrils. Leaflets 5-15 mm long. Inflorescences of long, slender racemes; flowers drooping, second; peduncles 30 mm long. Flowers white, ± 5 mm long. Pod 10-15 mm long with nail or claw-like tip. Seeds ± 4-8.
An annual climbing herb. It is hairy. The leaves have leaflets along the stalk. There are 8-24 leaflets and a tendril at the end. The leaflets are 7-15 cm long by 2-8 mm wide. The flowers are pinkish-blue. The pods are flat and oblong. They are 2-4 cm long and with an oblique point at the end. There are 2-5 seeds. They are black.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 1.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grassy and bushy places, avoiding acid soils. Forest margins, thickets, scrub, hill slopes, valleys, grasslands, meadows, streamsides, wet sandy land, alluvium, fields, roadsides; at eleations up to 4,200 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. In China it lies below 4,200 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zone 6.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

Young stems and leaves are eaten as a potherb. The leaves are used as a substitute for tea. The seeds are eaten boiled or roasted. They are also eaten raw.
Uses animal food environmental use experimental purposes fodder forage green manure medicinal potherb tea
Edible flowers leaves pods seeds shoots stems
Therapeutic use Sclerosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (unknown strength) (seed), toxic (unknown strength) (fruit)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 40
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vicia cracca habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca habit picture by m wak (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca habit picture by Ardea Cinerea (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Vicia cracca leaf picture by duisplant (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca leaf picture by Mick K. (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca leaf picture by ludmila san vicente (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vicia cracca flower picture by ludmila san vicente (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca flower picture by eddy loubry (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca flower picture by duisplant (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vicia cracca fruit picture by eddy loubry (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca fruit picture by m wak (cc-by-sa)
Vicia cracca fruit picture by Waldemar Zeja (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vicia cracca world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Faroe Islands, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Korea (Republic of), Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30263827-2
WFO ID wfo-0000214046
COL ID 5BCMF
BDTFX ID 71543
INPN ID 129147
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vicia australis Vicia oiana Cracca major Vicia cracca Vicia heteropus Vicia macrophylla Vicia grenieri Vicia scheuzeri Cracca pyrenaica Vicia hetoropus Vicia douglassii Vicia oreophila Vicia cracca f. canescens Ervum cracca Vicia hiteropus Vicia cracca f. leucantha Vicia cracca f. macrophylla Vicia cracca f. pallidiflora Cracca plumosa Cracca vulgaris Vicia pontica Vicia versicolor Vicia kitaibeliana Vicia cracca var. canescens Vicia cracca var. japonica Vicia variabilis var. subalpina Vicia cracca subsp. cracca Vicia cracca var. cracca Vicia cracca f. cracca Vicia cracca var. gerardi Vicia tenuifolia f. laxiflora Vicia grossheimii Vicia cracca var. vulgaris Vicia cracca subsp. galloprovincinalis Vicia cracca subsp. imbricata Vicia cracca subsp. vulgaris Vicia cracca var. alpina Vicia cracca var. leucantha Vicia cracca var. linearis Vicia cracca var. nana Vicia cracca var. peudocassubica Vicia cracca var. plumosa Vicia tenuifolia var. laxiflora

Lower taxons

Vicia cracca subsp. incana Vicia cracca subsp. gerardii