Vicia villosa Roth

Fodder vetch (en), Vesce velue (fr), Vesce des sables (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Vicia

Characteristics

Herbs annual, 30-150 cm tall, villous or sericeous, or pu­berulent to glabrous. Stem climbing, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3-6 cm; stipules lanceolate to semitruncate or bifid to semihastate, 7-12 mm; leaflets 4-12-paired, linear to oblong or lanceolate, 10-30 × 3-7 mm, apex obtuse, acute, or acu­minate, mucronate; lateral veins dense or not obvious; tendril 2-or 3-branched. Raceme shorter than to slightly longer than leaf, 10-30-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed; lower teeth equaling or longer than tube or all teeth shorter than tube. Corolla purple-blue, purple, light purple, light red, light blue, or rarely white, 10-18 mm; standard linear or oblong, constricted at middle; wings shorter than standard and longer than keel. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-40 × 4-12 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 2-8, globose or oblate-globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct. 2n = 14, 28.
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Scrambling perennial; stems ± glabrous or sparsely clothed in appressed hairs. Lvs usually moderately clothed in appressed hairs above and below; tendrils branched at least in upper lvs; leaflets in 5-12 pairs, sometimes alternate, ovate-oblong or narrowly elliptic, (5)-12-20 mm long; stipules entire or with 1-(2), narrow, adaxial, basal lobes. Infl. > lvs, (6)-10-40-flowered. Peduncle much > fls. Pedicel c. 2 mm long. Calyx strongly gibbous at base, ± glabrous or sparsely hairy; calyx teeth very unequal; lower < tube. Corolla violet, purple or bluish lilac, (13)-14-18 mm long; limb of standard 1/2 as long as claw. Pod glabrous, brown, 3-8-seeded, 20-35 mm long; seeds dark greenish brown or mottled, 3-4 mm diam.; hilum 1/9-⅙ of circumference.
Annual or biennial to 1 m, the stems spreading-villous, especially upwards; lfls usually 5–10 pairs, narrowly oblong to lance-linear, 1–2.5 cm; racemes long-peduncled, dense, secund, with 10–40 fls; cal irregular, villous, the tube 2.3–4 mm, very gibbous, the pedicel apparently ventral; upper lobes linear-triangular, 0.8–1.5 mm; lateral and lower lobes linear above a triangular base, the lowest 2–5 mm, long-villous; cor slender, 12–20 mm, the spreading blade of the standard less than half as long as the claw; fr 2–3 cm, glabrous; 2n=14. Native of Europe, intr. in fields, roadsides, and waste places throughout most of the U.S. and s. Can. June–Aug.
Annual or biennial herbaceous vine, up to 1.3 m high; white-villous. Leaves with rachis terminating in a ramified, prehensile tendril. Leaflets 8-20, entire, oblong-ovate, 8-35 x 1-10 mm, apex mucronulate. Stipules inconspicuous, entire. Inflorescences of elongate racemes, usually longer than subtending leaf; flowers 5-40, closely spaced. Flowers bluish purple to pink or white. Calyx ± half as long as standard petal, gibbous at base. Petals: standard 12-20 mm long. Flowering time Sept.-Apr. Pod stipitate, 20-40 mm long, dark to light straw-coloured, oblong, obliquely short acuminate at both ends. Seeds 4 or 5, spherical to sublenticular.
A climbing herb. It is hairy and an annual plant. It has branched tendrils. It can grow 2 m long. The stems have long hairs. The stipules are not lobed. The leaves have 4-12 pairs of narrow leaflets. The groups of flowers are longer than the leaves. The flowers are violet, purple or blue. They are 10-20 mm long. There are 10-30 flowers in a raceme. The fruit are pods 20-40 mm long and brown. The seeds are round and black and 3-4 mm across.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In China it grows between sea level and 1,800 m above sea level, mainly in north China. In Argentina it grows below 700 m above sea level.
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Cultivated land and waste places, avoiding acid soils and shady positions. Grassy mountain slopes; at elevations from 1,000-2,200 metres in Iraq.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

It is sometimes used as a vegetable. The leaves are eaten as a salad. The unripe seeds are eaten raw as a snack.
Uses animal food breeding commercial cover plant environmental use fodder food forage gene source green manure manure medicinal poison
Edible flowers leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Abdominal pain (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (unknown strength) (seed), toxic (unknown strength) (fruit)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 27
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vicia villosa habit picture by Pavel Bartos (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa habit picture by B V (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa habit picture by Gerbo Gerbin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Vicia villosa leaf picture by hugo lenaert (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa leaf picture by Ton Reerink (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa leaf picture by Rob K (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vicia villosa flower picture by Patrick LEMOINE (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa flower picture by Alainzz Bee (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa flower picture by Thomas et Agnes Denicourt (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vicia villosa fruit picture by eddy loubry (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa fruit picture by Sarami (cc-by-sa)
Vicia villosa fruit picture by Marc-alain Bahuchet (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vicia villosa world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:525259-1
WFO ID wfo-0000212804
COL ID 5BCZ6
BDTFX ID 71837
INPN ID 129340
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vicia boissieri Vicia villosa Vicia consentina Vicia vulcanica Vicia elegantissima Vicia glabrescens Vicia godronii Ervum villosum Cracca villosa Vicia polyphylla Vicia villosa var. villosa Vicia unguiculata subsp. villosa Vicia varia subsp. villosa

Lower taxons

Vicia villosa subsp. ambigua Vicia villosa subsp. microphylla (d'urv.) Vicia villosa subsp. varia Vicia villosa subsp. villosa Vicia villosa subsp. maniatissa