Viola acuminata Ledeb.

Acuminate violet (en), Violette des chiens (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, usually without basal leaves. Rhizome erect or oblique, robust, with numerous brownish roots. Stem usually 2-4 fasciculate, erect, 10-40 cm tall, glabrous or white puberulous in upper part. Stipules leaflike, 1-3.5 cm × 2-8 mm, herbaceous, usually pinnatifid and fimbriate, or shallowly divided, ciliate along margin, both surfaces dotlike brown glandular, sparsely puberulous along veins; lower petioles to 6 cm, upper ones shorter, 1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or ovate, 1.5-5.5 × 1.5-4.5 cm, densely dotlike brown glandular on both sides, sparsely puberulous along veins, base usually cordate, rarely truncate, margin obtusely serrate and shortly ciliate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers whitish violet or white, long pedicellate; pedicels usually exceeding leaves, slender, puberulous, with 2 linear bracteoles above middle or near flower. Sepals linear-lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-2.5 mm, outer 3 longer and broader, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, apex truncate or sometimes 1-or 2-dentate, puberulous adaxially and along margin, 3-veined. Petals dotlike brown glandular, upper petals subequaling lateral ones, curved upward, usually glabrous, rarely bearded, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one often purple veined, 0.9-1.6 cm (spur included); spur usually straight, 1.5-5 mm, saccate, apex obtuse; spur of 2 anterior stamens short and obtuse, ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary conic, glabrous; styles slightly curved forward at base, gradually thickened, with several series of papillose protuberances at apex, shortly beaked at apex, tip of beak slightly curved upward, with a larger stigma hole. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, glabrous, usually dotlike yellow-brown glandular, apex acuminate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep.
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An erect herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 15-40 cm high. The rootstock is stout. There are 2-6 erect stems. These emerge in the spring. The leaves are oval or heart shaped and 4-6 cm long by 3-4 cm wide. There are rounded teeth along the edge. The flowers occur singly and are white or light purple. They are on slender stalks 4-6 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Wet places on river banks and flood plains in E. Siberia. Mixed forests, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on mountain slopes, moist places and shaded and moist grasslands in stream valleys; at elevations from 400-2,500 metres.
More
It is a temperate climate plant. It grows in northeastern China. It grows in moist grassland in valleys near streams between 400-2,500 m above sea level. In Sichuan.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The young leaves are eaten.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Viola acuminata unspecified picture

Distribution

Viola acuminata world distribution map, present in China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:867555-1
WFO ID wfo-0001144418
COL ID 5BGB9
BDTFX ID 72027
INPN ID 129489
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Viola laciniosa Viola flaviflora Viola takesimana Viola acuminata Viola austroussuriensis Viola turczaninowii Viola kishidai Viola canina var. acuminata Viola acuminata subsp. austroussuriensis Viola acuminata var. brevistipulata Viola acuminata var. austro-ussuriensis Viola acuminata var. acuminata Viola acuminata var. intermedia Viola acuminata var. pilifera