Viola glabella Nutt.

Stream violet (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–38 cm. Stems 1–3, erect or prostrate, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or finely puberulent, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline; basal: 0–4(–7); stipules ovate to obovate, margins entire, crenate, or serrate, usually glandular, apex acute to obtuse; petiole 7–27.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade usually reniform to ovate, sometimes orbiculate, 3.3–8.5 × 2–9.3 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or finely puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: usually restricted to distal ends of naked stems; stipules ovate to oblong, margins erose or subserrate, often glandular, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.2–2.9 cm, glabrous or finely puberulent; blade ovate to deltate, 1.4–5.7 × 0.8–4.7 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate to ± serrate, ciliate (sometimes limited to proximal half), apex acute. Peduncles 2–8 cm, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers: sepals linear-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals deep lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 6–18 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ovoid to ellipsoid, 7–13 mm, glabrous. Seeds light to dark brown, shiny, 2–2.2 mm. 2n = 24.
More
A small plant. It grows 10-30 cm high. It spreads 20-40 cm wide. The leaves are kidney shaped. They are slightly hairy. The leaves are broadly oval and pointed or kidney shaped. They are 25 mm long. The flowers are yellow with green tints. There are 5 petals. The fruit is a dry capsule with 3 valves. It has many seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in woodland and near watercourses. It grows up to 2440 m altitude. It is often in moist conifer forest. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
More
Fairly moist woods or by streams. Damp, wet, or shady places in forests, stream banks; at elevations up to 2,600 metres.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Uses -
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Viola glabella leaf picture by lloyd knopp (cc-by-sa)
Viola glabella leaf picture by lloyd knopp (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viola glabella flower picture by Andrew Thomas (cc-by-sa)
Viola glabella flower picture by Jeremy Northway (cc-by-sa)
Viola glabella flower picture by Danny Hayes (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola glabella world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:868221-1
WFO ID wfo-0001144633
COL ID 5BGSZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Viola canadensis var. sitchensis Viola glabella var. remotifolia Viola biflora var. sitchensis Viola glabella