Viola hastata Michx.

Halberdleaf yellow violet (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm. Stems 1(–2), erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from fleshy rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline; basal: 0–1; stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex usually acuminate; petiole 3–11.5 cm, usually glabrous; blade sometimes gray-green abaxially, usually mottled light green adaxially, widely or narrowly hastate to ovate, 2.5–4.4 × 1.8–3.2 cm, base hastate to cordate or truncate, margins serrate or crenate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous; cauline similar to basal except: leaves usually restricted to distal ends of naked stems; petiole 1–2.5 cm; blade 2–10 × 1.1–4.5 cm. Peduncles 1–5.3 cm, usually glabrous. Flowers: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals lemon-yellow usually on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 9.5–12 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ovoid to ellipsoid, 6–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds beige to bronze, 2–2.5 mm. 2n = 12.
More
Plants 0.5–2.5 dm from a long, slender, branching, brittle, white rhizome, glabrous or slightly puberulent; lvs 2–4 near the top of the stem, the blades halberd-shaped to oblong-cordate, 2–8 cm at anthesis, larger later, dark green, usually with irregular silvery blotches above, shallowly but saliently serrate; occasionally one long-petioled, reniform-cordate radical lf accompanies the flowering stem, and others may arise from the rhizome; fls on slender, erect, axillary peduncles; sep lance-linear, with scarious, eciliate margins; pet bright yellow with brown-purple lines toward the base, purple-tinged on the back; style bearded at the capitate summit; frs ellipsoid, 6–8 mm; seeds pale brown; 2n=12. Rich woods; Pa. and O. to S.C., n. Ga., and e. Tenn. Apr., May.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.28
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Viola hastata leaf picture by John Skolaut (cc-by-sa)
Viola hastata leaf picture by Nikky Walk (cc-by-sa)
Viola hastata leaf picture by Nikky Walk (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viola hastata flower picture by malot w (cc-by-sa)
Viola hastata flower picture by cthulhu mittens (cc-by-sa)
Viola hastata flower picture by rrr fgg (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola hastata world distribution map, present in United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30085021-2
WFO ID wfo-0001144637
COL ID 7FS4X
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Viola trifida Viola hastata