Viola hirta L.

Hairy violet (en), Violette hérisée (fr), Violette hérissée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-15 cm tall. Rhizome brownish, robust, densely noded, often branched in upper part, sometimes with shortened, suberect flagellate branches. Leaves basal; stipules lanceolate, 1-2 cm, apex long acuminate, margin shortly fimbriate and glandular; petiole 3-7 cm, densely puberulous; leaf blade smaller at anthesis, ovate or ovate-cordate, 1.5-2.5 × 1-2 cm, both surfaces puberulous, base shallowly cordate to deeply cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex rounded or ± acute. Petiole after anthesis to 10 cm; leaf blade accrescent after anthesis, oblong-ovate or suborbicular, to 6 cm, base deeply cordate. Flowers deep purple, large, not fragrant; pedicels usually longer than blades, puberulous, with 2 linear bracteoles below middle. Sepals oblong, apex obtuse, basal auricles short, base rounded, margin sparsely fimbriate and glandular. Petals oblong-obovate, lateral ones bearded, anterior one emarginate at apex, 1.5-1.7 cm (spur included); spur red-purple, ca. 5 mm, apex obtuse, usually curved upward; spurs of 2 anterior stamens ca. 4 mm, slender. Ovary globose, puberulous; styles slender and slightly curved forward at base, thickened upward, apically curved and with a hooked beak, with a smaller stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule globose, puberulous. Fl. Apr-May. 2n = 20.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.15
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Viola hirta habit picture by Groupe Botanique de Bruxelles (cc-by-sa)
Viola hirta habit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Viola hirta habit picture by Engel Ralf (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Viola hirta leaf picture by Alexander Baransky (cc-by-sa)
Viola hirta leaf picture by francois tissot (cc-by-sa)
Viola hirta leaf picture by Aurelio Peña (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viola hirta flower picture by Paul Thiry (cc-by-sa)
Viola hirta flower picture by Martin (cc-by-sa)
Viola hirta flower picture by francois tissot (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Viola hirta fruit picture by ines (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola hirta world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:868309-1
WFO ID wfo-0000423911
COL ID 5BGV7
BDTFX ID 72269
INPN ID 129586
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Viola hirta Viola calcarea Viola hirsuta Viola hebecarpa Viola hirto-alba Viola rubra Viola maillardii Viola abortiva Viola foudrasi Viola hirta subsp. brevifimbriata Viola drymeia Viola hirta var. gymnocarpa