Viola palustris L.

Marsh violet (en), Violette des marais (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Plants perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 3–21.5 cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome slender, fleshy. Leaves basal, 2–4, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1–17 cm, glabrous; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to orbiculate, 0.5–6.4 × 0.5–5.5 cm, ± as long as wide, base cordate, margins crenulate, eciliate, apex obtuse to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. Peduncles 2–20.7 cm, glabrous, bracteoles usually below middle in chasmogamous flowers. Flowers: sepals ovate or lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lilac, pale blue, or pale violet on both surfaces, sometimes nearly white and tinged with lilac, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded or beardless, lowest 8–16 mm, spur usually same color as petals, gibbous, 1–3 mm; style head beardless cleistogamous flowers on ascending peduncles. Capsules ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. Seeds dark brown, 1–2 mm. 2n = 48.
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Delicate, glabrous plants from a long, slender rhizome, also stoloniferous; lvs thin, 2.5–3.5 cm wide, orbicular to reniform, crenulate, cordate or subcordate at base, the basal sinus wider than in no. 11 [Viola selkirkii Pursh]; fls 1.5 cm wide; pet pale lilac or lavender (or nearly white) with purple veins, the lateral ones sparsely bearded, the spur 2 mm; style dilated upwards in a vertical plane, with a conic beak on the lower side, the stigma within the tip of the beak, as in the next 6 spp.; frs 5–6 mm, green, ellipsoid; seeds buff; 2n=24, 48. Wet or moist places; circumboreal, in Amer. from Lab. to Alas., s. to the alpine regions of Me. and N.H., Manitou Isl., Mich., and in the West to Colo. and Calif. June–Aug. (V. epipsila, the diploid, including the Michigan plants)
A small plant. It grows 5-20 cm tall. The leaves near the base are heart or kidney shaped. The flower petals are white or lavender coloured.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.2
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in moist and wet sites.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Viola palustris habit picture by Kate Senatskaya (cc-by-sa)
Viola palustris habit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Viola palustris habit picture by Adrian (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Viola palustris leaf picture by Bekhta Bacha (cc-by-sa)
Viola palustris leaf picture by Nyman Anna (cc-by-sa)
Viola palustris leaf picture by Amber LeBlanc (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viola palustris flower picture by Marc Bertoletti (cc-by-sa)
Viola palustris flower picture by stephane pal (cc-by-sa)
Viola palustris flower picture by garcia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola palustris world distribution map, present in Canada, France, Poland, and United States of America

Conservation status

Viola palustris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:868891-1
WFO ID wfo-0000423437
COL ID 7G3TN
BDTFX ID 72423
INPN ID 129639
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Viola palustris f. palustris Viola pubifolia Viola paludosa Viola fennica Viola inodora Viola scanica Viola palustris subsp. pubifolia Viola palustris var. brevipes Viola palustris var. palustris Viola palustris subsp. brevipes Viola palustris var. leimonia Viola palustris

Lower taxons

Viola palustris subsp. juressi