Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt

Teesdale violet (en), Violette des rocailles (fr), Violette des rochers (fr), Violette rupestre (fr), Violette des sables (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, caulescent, 5-10 cm tall, puberulous throughout, rarely sparsely puberulous or glabrous. Rhizome erect, deep brown, short, robust, with nodes and scales; tap root robust, long; roots brown, much branched in lower part; rootlets long, slender. Stems many, fasciculate, obliquely ascending or erect, longitudinally angled. Basal leaves rosulate, long petiolate; cauline leaves similar to basal ones; stipules of basal leaves usually sparsely arranged, lanceolate, fimbriate-dentate, those of cauline leaves free, ovate to lanceolate, 3-7 × 0.8-2.5 mm, margin fimbriate-serrate or sparsely emarginate-serrate, teeth with brown glandular dots at apices, apex acuminate; petiole slender, weak, narrowly winged only in upper part, middle ones much longer than blades, upper ones ca. as long as blades; blade orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 0.8-1.7 × 0.7-1.8 cm, both surfaces puberulous, with brown glandular dots when dry, base shallowly cordate, margin regularly crenate, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary in upper leaf axils purple or purplish; pedicels much exceeding leaves, 2.5-6 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles subulate or linear, 4-6 mm, fimbriate-dentate at middle and lower parts. Sepals broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, 4-7.5 × 1-2.5 mm, 3-veined, with dense brown glandular dots, apex acute, basal auricles square, shorter, 0.5-1.5 mm, with 2 or 3 obtuse teeth at apex. Petals narrowly oblong-ovate, veins deeply colored, lateral petals 0.8-1 × ca. 4 mm, distinctly bearded, upper ones subequaling lateral ones, anterior one shorter, 1.3-1.4 cm (spur included), with dense brown glandular dots; spur cylindric, 3-4 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam., apex rounded, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward. Anthers ca. 1.3 mm, connective appendages ca. 0.7 mm; 2 anterior stamens ca. 3 mm, spur broadly triangular, ca. 2.5 × 0.8 mm. Ovary deep brown, ovoid, styles clavate, evenly thick, slightly narrower only at base, slightly geniculate forward at base, curved forward at tip and beaked, conspicuously papillose abaxially and on lateral sides of beak; beak horizontal, mouth slightly curved upward, with a larger stigma hole. Capsule oblong, 5-7 mm, 3-4 mm in diam., with remains of styles at apex, puberulous or glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.1
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 14
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Viola rupestris habit picture by francois tissot (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Viola rupestris leaf picture by Mariella Van Gemeren (cc-by-sa)
Viola rupestris leaf picture by francois tissot (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viola rupestris flower picture by César Gonzalez (cc-by-sa)
Viola rupestris flower picture by Bruno Moreira (cc-by-sa)
Viola rupestris flower picture by Stefano dc (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Viola rupestris fruit picture by Emmanuel Cosson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola rupestris world distribution map, present in China, France, and Pakistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:869158-1
WFO ID wfo-0000423578
COL ID 5BHHM
BDTFX ID 75437
INPN ID 129674
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Viola saxigena Viola riphaea Viola glauca Viola krokeri Viola arenaria Viola aprica Viola purpurascens Viola livida Viola balbisii Viola cinerascens Viola canina var. rupestris Viola rupestris subsp. arenaria Viola rupestris var. glabra Viola rupestris var. bolosii Viola rupestris

Lower taxons

Viola rupestris var. glaberrima Viola rupestris subsp. orioli-bolosii Viola rupestris var. himalayensis