Viola sempervirens Greene

Evergreen violet (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Plants perennial, caulescent, stoloniferous, 10–30 cm; stolons green or reddish, leafy, sometimes rooting at nodes, becoming lignified in age. Stems 1–5, prostrate, spreading, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from current and/or previous year’s growth, on usually vertical, fleshy rhizome, rooting and forming rosettes at or near tip; rooted rosettes often develop into an erect, fleshy caudex from which new stems are produced. Leaves evergreen, basal and cauline; basal: 1–6(–10); stipules deltate to ovate or linear-lanceolate, margins entire or glandular-toothed, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 2–16 cm, glabrous; blade often purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, orbiculate to ovate, 1–4.5 × 2–3.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex blunt to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or with scattered bristles on one or both surfaces; cauline similar to basal except: stipules deltate to lanceolate, margins entire or sparingly toothed; petiole 0.3–3 cm; blade 1.2–2.2 × 1.2–2 cm. Peduncles 5–10 cm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–17 mm, spur yellow or whitish, gibbous, 1–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules mottled with purple, spherical to ovoid, 5–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds brown, tinged purple, 2–2.5 mm. 2n = 24, 48.
More
A low spreading plant. It grows 5-10 cm high and spreads 20-45 cm wide. The leaves are broadly oval and pointed. It keeps its leaves. The leaves are 30 mm long and wide and have teeth and are slightly downy. The flowers are yellow and have brown veins. They are 25 mm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.45
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist woods. Redwood forests, other coastal forests, Douglas fir, other coniferous forests; at elevations from 30-1,400 metres.
More
It suits hardiness zones 6-9.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-10

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Viola sempervirens habit picture by Mango Don (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Viola sempervirens leaf picture by Michael Qiu (cc-by-sa)
Viola sempervirens leaf picture by George Karpinski (cc-by-sa)
Viola sempervirens leaf picture by Adam Van Straten (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viola sempervirens flower picture by Haley Smith (cc-by-sa)
Viola sempervirens flower picture by Ethan Greer (cc-by-sa)
Viola sempervirens flower picture by Hailey Malone (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola sempervirens world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:294755-2
WFO ID wfo-0001144690
COL ID 7FS3P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Viola sempervirens subsp. orbiculoides Viola sempervirens