Viola tripartita Elliott

Threepart violet (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Violaceae > Viola

Characteristics

Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 10–40 cm. Stems 1(2), erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent, from subligneous rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline; basal: 0(–2); stipules ovate, not leaflike, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent; petiole 9–11.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade unlobed, ovate, or 3–5-lobed, 4–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate-serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or ± puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: restricted to distal ends of stems; stipules ovate to oblong; petiole 0.7–7.2 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade unlobed, ovate or deltate, or 3-lobed (if 3-lobed, lateral lobes falcate, middle rhombic, longer than others, lobes may appear petiolate; unlobed and 3-lobed leaves can occur on same plant), 1–6 × 0.5–5.5 cm, base truncate to cuneate, margins serrate, ciliate or eciliate, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. Peduncles 1.5–4 cm, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 0.1–0.5 mm; petals lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2, rarely others, brownish purple abaxially, lowest and usually lateral 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 and sometimes lowest bearded, lowest 10–18 mm, spur yellow, gibbous, 0.5–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ovoid to ellipsoid, 9–12 mm, glabrous. Seeds beige, bronze, or brown, 2.4–3 mm. 2n = 12.
More
Plants 1.5–4.5 dm from a short rhizome, usually puberulent or glandular-puberulent above; lvs 2–4(–7) near the top of the stem, 3–10 cm, often some (sometimes all) of them ovate to lance-ovate with long tip and truncate to broadly tapering base, usually some or all ± deeply 3-cleft, the terminal segment the largest; fls on slender, erect, axillary peduncles; sep lance-linear, ciliolate; pet bright yellow with brown-purple lines toward the base, the lateral ones bearded; style with a capitate, bearded summit; frs stoutly ellipsoid, 8–10 mm; seeds pale. Rich woods; sw. Pa. and s. O. to N.C., S.C., Ga., Ala., and ne. Miss. Apr., May.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.13 - 0.43
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Viola tripartita flower picture by Susan Harper (cc-by-sa)
Viola tripartita flower picture by Susan Harper (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viola tripartita world distribution map, present in United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:869437-1
WFO ID wfo-0001144704
COL ID 7G3S3
BDTFX ID 72248
INPN ID 129574
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Viola tripartita Viola tripartita f. tripartita Viola glaberrima Viola glaberrima Viola tenuipes Viola tripartita var. tripartita Viola hastata var. glaberrima Viola tripartita var. glaberrima Viola hastata var. tripartita