Vitex cymosa Bert. ex Spreng.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Vitex

Characteristics

firmly chartaceous or rarely subcoriaceous when mature, very lightly and ob-scurely pulverulent-puberulent above when immature, usually glabrescent and shiny when mature, puberulent to short-tomentellous (sometimes very densely so) beneath when immature, less so when mature; petioles 2.5-15 cm long, densely puberulent or short-pubescent; petiolules 1-17 mm long when mature, densely puberulent, margined, the lateral petiolules usually shorter than the central ones, often obsolete on immature leaves. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, abundant, much shorter than the subtending petioles, 2-9.5 cm long and 1-10 cm wide, 1-4 times dichotomous with wide-spreading branches, usually flowering before the leaves are completely mature, whitish-or yellowish-puberulent throughout, the hairs denser at all the joints; peduncles 0.7-4.5 cm long, the cyme-branches con-spicuously flattened; pedicels 1-2 mm long; foliaceous bracts often present, simple, obovate-spatulate or oblong-elliptic, stipitate 1-1.5 cm long, similar to the im-mature leaflets in pubescence; bractlets linear, 1-4 mm long; prophylls setaceous, ca. 1 mm long. Flowers with the calyx campanulate, 2-3 mm long and 2-5 mm wide, densely puberulent, 5-dentate, the teeth ovate, obtuse or acute, often re-curved or reflexed, often nigrescent on the inner surface; corolla blue or pinkish-blue to violet, lilac, or purple, rarely white, hypocrateriform, the tube 6-7 mm long, puberulent outside above the calyx, the limb conspicuously 2-lipped, the 4 small lobes ca. 4 mm long and 2 mm wide, obtuse, the fifth lobe much enlarged, rounded, ca. 7 mm long and 8 mm wide, the margins crisped. Fruit succulent, purplish-or violet-black, 1.1-2 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, glabrous, edible; fruiting cymes usually 4-6.5 cm long and lax, the pedicels 1-5 mm long, strigose-pubescent; fruiting-calyx flattened-campanulate, ca. 5 mm long and 12 mm wide, shallow, coriaceous, dark, finely short-strigose outside, 4-or 5-lobed, the lobes broadly triangular-ovate and often more or less obscurely toothed.
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Tree to 28 m tall; trunk to 60 cm in diameter 1.5 m above ground; branchlets gray to brownish, acutely or obtusely tetragonal, the pith small, the youngest parts densely puberulent with sordid-grayish or yellowish hairs. Leaves 3-7-foliolate, sometimes subopposite; leaflets usually unequal in size, the two lower-most usually considerably smaller, the central leaflet oblong or elliptic to oblan-ceolate-elliptic or obovate, rarely lanceoate, 4-23 cm long and 2.4-7.2 cm wide, apically acute to abruptly short-acuminate or even caudate-acuminate, the acumen itself blunt, basally acute or acuminate-attenuate, entire, green on both surfaces when mature or lighter beneath, brunnescent or nigrescent above when immature,
A tree. It grows 10-20 m high. The crown has a lot of leaves. The trunk is short and 50-90 cm across. The leaves are compound with leaflets spread out like fingers on a hand. The leaf stalks are 6-8 cm long. There are 5-7 leaflets of unequal size. The 2 near the base are smaller and 4-7 cm long while the others are 8-12 cm long. The flowers are in the axils of leaves. They are in groups 3-6 cm long and are purple. The fruit is round and fleshy. It is red or purple when ripe. It only has one seed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows naturally in gallery forest in the Amazon in central Brazil. It grows in tropical lowlands. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
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Humid forests. Gallery forests in moist fertile soils. Lowland rainforest and also strongly seasonal forest near the coast at elevations below 500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten fresh. The flowers are used to make tea.
Uses medicinal tea wood
Edible flowers fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The ripe fruit are harvested and put into plastic bags until they soften. The seeds are removed and washed under running water. Fresh seed are planted and they germinate in 60-70 days.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Vitex cymosa unspecified picture

Distribution

Vitex cymosa world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Vitex cymosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865678-1
WFO ID wfo-0000333040
COL ID 7FTNN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630883
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vitex cymosa Vitex discolor Vitex cujabensis Vitex cymosa f. albiflora Jatropha tomentosa