Vitex ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Vitex

Characteristics

Many stemmed shrub 1.5-4.5 m tall often scandent, or small tree to 6(15) m tall, sometimes a liane, often deciduous; bark fissured, grey to light brown; older stems brownish-yellow, red and grey; young stems orange lanate. Leaves (3)5(7)-foliolate; petioles 2.5-12 cm long, terete; median petiolules (0.2)1.0-2.0(3.5) cm long; leaflets 2.5-11 x 1.5-4 cm, median leaflet largest, narrow to broadly lanceolate, acute to narrowly acuminate or sometimes short acuminate or rounded at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, glabrous on upper surface or with scattered small hairs, paler and densely finely hairy beneath, gland-dotted or not, entire or occasionally deeply toothed toward the apex, nerves sunken above and raised beneath. Inflorescences axillary, few to many-flowered, of ± sturdy short simple dichasia 2-4 cm long, orange-tawny tomentose; bracteoles 0.5-1.2 cm long, narrowly lanceolate. Calyx obconical, 5-lobed, ferruginous pubescent outside, gland-dotted, accrescent in fruit; tube 2-3 mm long; lobes (1)1.5-3 mm long, erect. Corolla creamy-white, c. 16 mm long, ferruginous pubescent outside, gland-dotted; tube to c. 7 mm long, curved; lobes mauve, at acute angle to tube, middle lower lobe 5-7 x 7-8 mm the others smaller. Stamens exserted from tube; filaments with glandular hairs. Ovary narrowly ovoid, not gland-dotted, lanate towards apex; apex long-acuminate; style c. 10 mm long. Drupe c. 3 x 2.5 cm, spherical-ellipsoid, rounded or sharp-tipped at the apex, not enclosed in the enlarged calyx, purplish-black at maturity; fruiting calyx saucer-shaped, pubescent, not gland-dotted.
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A shrub or tree. Often it loses its leaves during the year. It can grow from 4 m tall to 13 m tall. The trunk is slightly fluted. The small branches have rusty brown hairs. The bark is smooth and light grey. It can have small grooves and small pieces flaking off with age. The leaves are compound with 3-7 leaflets arranged like the fingers on a hand. They occur opposite one another along the stem. The leaflets are unequal in size. The largest leaflet is 5-14 cm long with a long pointed tip. The upper surface is dull with a few hairs while the lower surface has rusty hairs and clear veins. The leaf stalk is 12 cm long while the leaflet stalks are 1 cm long. The flowers are in dense heads beside the leaves. The flower stalk is 5 cm long. The flowers are small and like tubes. They are 1 cm long and have one blue-violet lobe and four white petals. The fruit is rounded and fleshy. It is green with white spots. Fruit turn shiny black when ripe. They are 4 cm long and edible.
Shrub, 2.5-3.0(-9.0) m high. Leaves 5-7-pinnate, leaflets petiolate, adaxial surfaces sparsely soft-hairy, apex acute to acuminate. Calyx cup-shaped in fruit. Ovary densely hairy in upper half. Fruit fleshy. Flowers with white tube and pale purple lobes.
Shrub, 2.5-3.0 m high. Leaves 5-7-pinnate, leaflets petiolate, adaxial surfaces softly hairy, apex to a lesser extent acute, not acuminate. Calyx cup-shaped in fruit. Ovary densely hairy in upper half. Fruit fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 4.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is often in shallow soils near rivers and lakes. It grows from sea level to 610 m above sea level. It grows in lowland forests. It grows in the understorey and on the edge of forest.
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Riverine vegetation, semi-evergreen forest, mixed deciduous woodlands, mutemwa thickets on Kalahari Sand and coastal forest, in sandy soils and coastal dunes at elevations from sea level to 610 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 6-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are sweet. The stone is discarded.
Uses charcoal environmental use food fuel gene source medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed are sown directly where they are to grow. For seed collection the whole fruit is dried then the dry pulp shaken off leaving the seed. Seed should be stored in a cool dry place. Trees can be topped or cut back and allowed to regrow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Vitex ferruginea unspecified picture

Distribution

Vitex ferruginea world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Cabo Verde, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, eSwatini, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Vitex ferruginea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865712-1
WFO ID wfo-0000333079
COL ID 7G5NP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vitex dryadum Vitex ferruginea Vitex fosteri Vitex guerkeana Vitex guerkeana Vitex laurentii Vitex tangensis Vitex amboniensis Vitex pearsonii Vitex polyantha Vitex rufescens Vitex laevigata Vitex amboniensis var. amaniensis Vitex amboniensis var. schlechteri Vitex ferruginea var. amaniensis Vitex ferruginea subsp. amboniensis Vitex ferruginea var. amboniensis Vitex oxycuspis var. mossambicensis Vitex ferruginea subsp. ferruginea Vitex swynnertonii