Vitex mombassae Vatke

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Vitex

Characteristics

Much-branched shrub or small tree 1.2–6 m. tall, with white, grey or reddish brown corrugated or fissured bark which becomes stringy, less often smooth.. Shoots more slender than in species 13, densely orange ferruginous velvety with more adpressed pubescence but sometimes more snaggy in some areas (e.g. T1).. Leaves 3–5-foliolate; leaflets elliptic, 0.5–13.5 cm. long, 0.5–5.5 cm. wide, shortly acuminate (always in young apical leaves) to broadly rounded or rarely emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, with scattered pubescence above, ferruginous velvety beneath with tangled hairs but sometimes glabrescent; venation impressed above, ± bullate and finely reticulate beneath; petiole 2–5.5 cm. long; leaflets sessile or central leaflets with petiolule 6–7(–10 in T4) mm. long in longest leaves or all leaflets petiolulate even in small leaves in some areas (e.g. T4).. Inflorescences ± 4 cm. long, densely ± adpressed ferruginous; peduncle 2–5 cm. long; bracts narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 1.1–1.8 cm. long, 3–4 mm. wide, acuminate, glabrous inside.. Calyx densely ferruginous hairy; tube 3.5–4 mm. long; lobes 1.5–2 mm. long.. Corolla pale blue, pale purple or blue-mauve with throat and the smallest lobes creamy white; tube 7–9 mm. long, pubescent outside; larger lower lip 0.8–1.3 cm. long, 0.7–1 cm. wide, sometimes yellow at base, hairy in middle; small lobes round or triangular, 5 × 3–5 mm.. Stamens exserted 5–9 mm.; filaments rather stout, micropapillate.. Style exserted 5–9 mm. Ovary densely pubescent.. Fruits dark purple, globose, (1.5(T4)–)2–3.2(–3.5) cm. diameter, ± slightly pubescent at apex. Calycine cup 1.5–1.7 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, ± venose, distinctly toothed, pubescent. Dried mesocarp a dense mass of fibres.. Fig. 9.
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Leaves 3–5-foliolate, aromatic when crushed; petiole 1.5–9 cm long, terete; petiolules absent or up to 0.6 cm long in median leaflet; leaflets 3–10 × 1.5–6 cm, elliptic to somewhat obovate, rounded or in apical leaves shortly acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate to rounded at the base, entire, coriaceous, ± sparsely pubescent above, shortly lanate on the nerves and reticulation beneath or glabrescent, gland-dotted beneath, venation impressed above and the blade ± bullate, nerves and reticulation raised beneath.
A shrub or tree. It grows up to 6 m tall. It often has many branches from the base. The leaves have 3-5 leaflets. The leaves have long stalks but the leaflets are stalkless. The leaflets radiate from one point and the end one is the largest. The leaflets are 7.5 cm long and 1.9 cm wide. They are densely velvety below. The flowers are violet or 2 coloured. The occur in groups on long stalks in the axils of leaves. The fruit has a hard stone and a thin fleshy covering. It is black when mature. The fruit is edible.
Fruit an edible spherical drupe, dark brown to purplish-black at maturity, c. 4 × 3 cm, globose, the lower end not or hardly enclosed in the enlarged calyx; fruiting calyx at first somewhat cup-shaped up to c. 1.5 cm long and c. 1 cm wide, later opening out becoming saucer-shaped, shortly toothed, puberulent, sometimes gland-dotted.
Corolla c. 23 mm long, gland-dotted, villose with tangled pilose hairs and gland-tipped hairs outside, gland-dotted; tube creamy-white and mauve, 12–13 mm long, curved; lobes at acute angle to tube, middle lower lobe mauve, 6–7 × 6.5–7 mm, other lobes creamy-white smaller and rounded or triangular.
Inflorescences axillary, of few-flowered simple dichasia, 4–12 cm long, shortly orange-tawny villose or lanate with ± densely tangled pilose hairs; bracteoles 0.8–2 cm long, narrow-lanceolate or narrow-spathulate.
Much branched shrub or small deciduous tree up to 8(17) m tall; bark grey-brown, fissured becoming stringy; older branches grey-brown or red-brown pubescent; young branches and twigs densely orange-tawny lanate.
Calyx obconical, 5-lobed, gland-dotted, lanate outside, strongly accrescent in fruit; tube 3–4 mm long; lobes 2–3 mm long, erect.
Ovary obovoid, truncate apex and lanate at the apex, gland-dotted; style c. 14–16 mm long, exserted.
Stamens exserted from corolla tube; filaments with glandular hairs.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
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Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 6.0
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Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands. It grows in the savannah. It prefers sandy soils. It occurs in hot areas on stony outcrops. It is also in deciduous woodland and especially on Kalahari sand. In Kenya it grows from sea level to 450 m altitude. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall of 955-1,050 mm. It can grow in arid places. It grows in Miombo woodland.
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Deciduous woodland and thickets on Kalahari Sand and on escarpments and rocky outcrops, and in wooded grasslands; at elevations from 300-1,800 metres.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The flesh of the fruit is eaten raw. The fruit have an unpleasant smell and a persistent taste. The wood ash is soaked in water and filtered and this is used to tenderise vegetables during cooking. The seeds inside the hard stone is edible.
Uses environmental use food food additive fuel gene source medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits seeds stems
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Cultivation

Plants can be grown from fresh seeds.
Mode seedlings
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Distribution

Vitex mombassae world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Vitex mombassae threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865879-1
WFO ID wfo-0000333282
COL ID 5BL98
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vitex flavescens Vitex goetzei Vitex mechowii Vitex mombassae Vitex mufutu Vitex flavescens var. parviflora Vitex mombassae var. erythrocarpa Vitex mombassae var. parviflora