Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Vitex

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 1.8–10.5 m. tall, stiffly branched and with a rounded crown; bark brown or grey-brown, deeply fissured; stems densely pale ferruginous woolly hairy becoming glabrous, some thick and corky with prominent large petiolar scars.. Leaflets (3–)5-foliolate; leaflets elliptic to obovate, 3–19 cm. long, 1.5–9.5 cm. wide, broadly rounded or obtuse at the apex or acute or even very shortly acuminate in young apical leaves, rarely emarginate, cuneate at the base, very discolorous particularly when young, entire, ± roughly pubescent above, densely floccose velvety beneath, sessile but in large leaves the basal narrowing may simulate a winged petiolule; venation ± impressed above, even ± bullate, raised and reticulate beneath under the indumentum; petiole 6–15 cm. long, the apex woolly ferruginous.. Cymes few–many-flowered, dense to rather lax, axillary, sometimes almost globose, 6–15 cm. long; axes all densely pubescent; peduncles 2.5–10 cm. long; pedicels ± 1 mm. long, that of central flower up to 2 mm.; bracts linear, 0.8–2 cm. long, 0.5–1 mm. wide, projecting in very young inflorescences.. Calyx obconical, densely ferruginous pubescent; tube 2.5–3 mm. long; teeth triangular-ovate, 1–2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, very accrescent.. Corolla fragrant, white, blue or mauve; tube 3–4 mm. long, hairy outside; main lip lavender, oblong, ovate or ± round, 3–5 × 4–5 mm., also with 4 white lobes 1.5 × 1.5 mm.. Stamens not or scarcely exserted at least not beyond length of shortest corolla-lobes.. Ovary hairy.. Fruits black, oblong or ± subglobose, 2–2.5 cm. long, 1.4–2.4 cm. wide, ± shiny, glabrous, edible. Calycine cup dark, 1–2 cm. high, 1.5–2.5 cm. wide, broadly crenate; fruiting pedicel 2–5 mm. long.
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A small to medium sized tree. It grows 4-10 m tall. The crown is rounded. The bark is grey to brown. There are cracks along its length. Young parts of the plant are covered with light brown woolly hairs. The leaves have 5 leaflets. (Sometimes there are 3 or 4). The leaflets are broadly oval and 11 cm long by 6 cm wide. They are bright green and finely hairy. The edges are often thickened and rolled under. The leaf stalk can be 12 cm long. The flowers are white to dark mauve and 6 mm long. They have 2 lips. The lower lip is mauve and upper one white. The occur in small heads made up of a few flowers. They are on a common stalk 7 cm long. The fruit are oval and 1.5-2 cm long. They are black when mature. There is a cup at the base. The fruit are edible.
Leaves (3)5-foliolate; petiole 3–16 cm, terete; petiolules ± absent; leaflets 8–16 × (2)3–9 cm, median leaflet largest, elliptic to obovate, rounded or obtuse at the apex or acute to shortly acuminate, rarely emarginate, cuneate at the base, entire, discolorous especially when young, ± roughly pubescent above, densely floccose beneath, venation impressed above, raised and reticulate beneath under the indumentum.
Fruit an edible shiny glabrous drupe, black at maturity, c. 2–3 × 2 cm, ellipsoid to obovoid, rounded at apex, the lower half enclosed in the enlarged calyx; fruiting calyx cup-shaped, 1–2 cm high, 1.5–2.5 cm wide, broadly crenate, pubescent, not gland-dotted.
Corolla fragrant, 6–7 mm long, gland-dotted, lanate; tube white-blue, mauve or purple, 3–4 mm long, curved, hairy outside; lobes at an obtuse angle to the tube, middle lower lobe mauve or whitish, 2–3 × 2–3 mm, oblong, ovate or ± round, other lobes white.
Shrub or small tree 4–10(13) m tall, with rounded crown; bark light brown to grey-brown, deeply vertically fissured; branches pale hairy becoming glabrous; young branches and twigs densely orange-tawny lanate.
Inflorescences axillary, of few–many-flowered, dense to somewhat lax compound dichasia, 3–18 cm long, orange-tawny tomentose or woolly when young; bracteoles 0.8–2.5 cm long, linear.
Calyx obconical, 5-lobed, gland-dotted, lanate, strongly accrescent in fruit; tube 2.5–3 mm long; lobes 0.5–1 mm long, erect.
Ovary globose, apically rounded, not gland-dotted, lanate at apex; style c. 4 mm long.
Stamens enclosed within the corolla tube; filaments with glandular hairs.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in open woodland and on rocky outcrops at medium to low altitudes. In Kenya it grows from sea level to 1,600 m altitude. It is usually in more arid zones. It is often on sandy soils. It can grow in arid places.
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Open woodland, wooded grassland and on rocky outcrops at elevations from 50-1,500 metres
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten. They have a coffee-like flavour. They are also used for drinks.
Uses coffee substitute environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from ripe seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Vitex payos world distribution map, present in Angola, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Vitex payos threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865918-1
WFO ID wfo-0000333345
COL ID 7G5CK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vitex eylesii Vitex hildebrandtii Vitex shirensis Vitex zambesiaca Vitex iringensis Vitex isotjensis Vitex payos Vitex villosa Allasia payos Vitex allasia Vitex hildebrandtii var. glabrescens Vitex payos var. glabrescens Vitex hildebrandtii var. zambesiaca Vitex payos var. stipitata Vitex payos var. payos