Vitis labrusca L.

Fox grape (en), Vigne des chats (fr), Vigne américaine (fr), Vigne framboisier (fr), Vigne isabelle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Vitales > Vitaceae > Vitis

Characteristics

Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. Branches: bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 0.5–2.5 mm thick; branchlets terete, densely tomentose to arachnoid-floccose or glabrous, sometimes with spinose, gland-tipped hairs, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at almost all nodes; nodes not red-banded. Leaves: stipules 2–4 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate, usually 3-shouldered, sometimes unlobed or deeply 3(–5)-lobed, 10–20 cm, apex usually acute, abaxial surface not glaucous, densely and persistently arachnoid, concealed (except sometimes veins) by hairs, adaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences 6–14 cm. Flowers functionally unisexual. Berries black, usually not, sometimes slightly, glaucous, globose, 12+ mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. 2n = 38.
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High-climbing vine; pith interrupted at the nodes by a diaphragm; tendrils or infls from 3 or more successive nodes; lvs firm, round-cordate, 1–2 dm, usually shallowly 3-lobed, shallowly serrate, the lower surface persistently covered by a dense tomentum, this reddish or rusty when young, sometimes later fading to ashy-gray; peduncles and twigs eventually glabrous; panicles ovoid, 4–8 cm; fr dark red to nearly black, 1–2 cm; 2n=38. Woods, roadsides, and thickets; Me. to s. Mich., s. to S.C. and Tenn. Ancestor of the Concord and many other cult. grapes, including many hybrids, these collectively called V. labruscana L. H. Bailey and occasionally found as waifs.
A woody vine. It keeps growing from year to year. The young shoots are long and like felt. The leaves are large and 3 lobed. They are deep green above and like felt and white underneath. The leaves are leathery and 15-30 cm long. The flowers are in closely branched groups with male and female flowers in the same group. The fruit are large and purple-black. They are 2-3 cm across. They have a musky flavour.
A climbing plant. It is robust and woody. It loses its leaves in the winter. The leaves are variable. They are leathery and rough on top. The leaves are 14-28 cm long. The male and female flowers are in the same group. The fruit are round and thin skinned. They are sweet and juicy.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It needs full sun and a well-drained fertile soil. It is more resistant to insect, pest and diseases than Vitis vinifera. It suits plant hardiness zones 4-9.
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Wet or dry thickets and woodland borders.
It is a tropical plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are also dried or preserved. They are used for juice, jellies, jams, pies, conserves and syrups. They are used for drinks or fermented into wine or vinegar. The leaves are eaten cooked and used to wrap other foods. They are also preserved in salt. The leaves are used for sarma in Turkey. They are rolled around a filling of rice or minced meat.
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The fruit are eaten fresh or made into wine.
Uses beverage dye environmental use fodder food gene source medicinal ornamental
Edible fruits leaves saps seeds
Therapeutic use Other (bark), Urinary Aid (bark), Blood Medicine (leaf), Gynecological Aid (leaf), Liver Aid (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf), Veterinary Aid (root), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Oral Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Urinary Aid (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Sprain (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Menopause (unspecified), Menstruation disturbances (unspecified), Varicose veins (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by grafting.
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Plants are grown by grafting.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vitis labrusca habit picture by naomi sadlon (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Vitis labrusca leaf picture by Ainslee Smith (cc-by-sa)
Vitis labrusca leaf picture by David Hill (cc-by-sa)
Vitis labrusca leaf picture by David Hill (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vitis labrusca fruit picture by María José Sáinz (cc-by-sa)
Vitis labrusca fruit picture by yapex (cc-by-sa)
Vitis labrusca fruit picture by gianluca canelli (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vitis labrusca world distribution map, present in Brazil, Canada, France, Georgia, India, Portugal, Tajikistan, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:68814-1
WFO ID wfo-0000421309
COL ID 5BLTW
BDTFX ID 72778
INPN ID 129951
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vitis labrusca f. alba Vitis labrusca f. labrusca Vitis digitata Vitis luteola Vitis ferruginea Vitis cana Vitis canina Vitis taurina Vitis rufa Vitis obliqua Vitis occidentalis Vitis obovata Vitis bracteata Vitis blanda Vitis labrusca var. labrusca Vitis labrusca var. alba Vitis vinifera var. labrusca Vitis ciliata Vitis catawba Vitis labrusca var. dissecta Vitis labrusca var. macrophylla Vitis labrusca var. subedentata Vitis labrusca var. rosea Vitis labrusca var. catawba Vitis labrusca var. eisingburgensis Vitis labrusca var. labruscoides Vitis labrusca