Vitis rotundifolia Michx.

Muscadine (en), Vigne à feuilles rondes (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Vitales > Vitaceae > Vitis

Characteristics

Plants usually high climbing or sprawling, sometimes shrubby, usually sparsely branched. Branches: branchlets terete to slightly angled, usually sparsely grayish arachnoid, glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes sometimes red-banded. Leaves: stipules 1–2 mm; petiole mostly ± equaling blade; blade cordate to nearly reniform, 2–12 cm, rarely lobed, apex short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, visible through hairs, veins and vein axils sometimes sparsely to densely hirtellous, adaxial surface glabrous. Inflorescences 3–8(–10) cm. Flowers functionally unisexual. Berries usually black or purplish, sometimes bronze when ripe, glaucous, globose, 8–25 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels present.
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A vigorous deciduous vine. It can grow to 30 m long. They have a tight non shedding bark. The shoots are warty and the tendrils are unbranched. The leaves have slight lobes. The leaves are 6-12 cm long with toothed edges. The leaves are dark green on top and greenish yellow underneath. The leaves are glossy on both surfaces. Male and female flowers occur on separate plants. The flowers are small and green. Fruit occur in small loose clusters of 3-40 grapes. The fruit are round and 2-4 cm across and with a tough skin. These contain up to 5 hard oblong seeds. The fruit can range from green to bronze to red or purple. There are several different cultivated varieties.
High-climbing vine with tight bark, the young branches with many lenticels; pith continuous through the nodes; lvs firm, glossy on both sides, rotund to cordate-ovate, 6–12 cm, often somewhat wider, rarely slightly lobed, coarsely and irregularly serrate, sub-glabrous at maturity except for tufts of hair in the vein-axils, the basal sinus 90° or wider, with entire margins; panicles short (2–5 cm), densely fld; fr few in a subglobose cluster, 1–2 cm, thick-skinned; 2n=40. Moist soil; Del. to Ky. and Mo., s. to Fla. and Tex.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.95
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

They suit warm humid conditions. It cannot tolerate heavy frost. It should not be grown where winter temperatures regularly go below-4°C. They need full sunlight with good air flow. They can grow on a range of soils but do best on well drained sandy soils with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. They will not tolerate wet ground. Plants are shallow rooted. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
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Woods, thickets, sandhills and shores.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Fruit can be eaten fresh but are also used for jams, jellies, sauces, syrups and juices. They can be used for wine.
Uses beverage dye food gene source medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are normally propagated by layering as cuttings root with difficulty. In mid summer canes of the current seasons growth are bent down and covered with earth. When these have developed roots they can be cut from the parent. Annual pruning must be severe to keep new fruiting wood coming. The basic framework is for a trunk, permanent arms then fruiting spurs. Current seasons fruiting shoots need to be on last year's growth. Shoots from older wood are normally sterile.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vitis rotundifolia habit picture by Collados Ana (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Vitis rotundifolia leaf picture by Ian Griggs (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia leaf picture by I Tra (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia leaf picture by Sandie Lagasse (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vitis rotundifolia flower picture by Matt Miller (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia flower picture by Bruce Winter (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vitis rotundifolia fruit picture by Meagan (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia fruit picture by Codi Hrynko (cc-by-sa)
Vitis rotundifolia fruit picture by steve byrne (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vitis rotundifolia world distribution map, present in Guam, Mexico, Northern Mariana Islands, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:308496-2
WFO ID wfo-0000421819
COL ID 5BM2T
BDTFX ID 72787
INPN ID 129960
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Muscadinia rotundifolia Vitis muscadina Vitis poiretiana Vitis peltata Vitis callosa Vitis angulata Vitis vulpina var. rotundifolia Vitis rotundifolia var. ovata Vitis rotundifolia