Walsura pinnata Hassk.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Meliaceae > Walsura

Characteristics

Trees, up to 18(–37) m, girth to 0.76(–1.22) m, bole to 11 (–24) m; outer bark smooth and thin, light grey-brown, often with lenticels, falling in parts to reveal pink-brown inner bark; sapwood very pink to pale brown to pink-yellow, with slight aroma similar to that of the fruits. Leafy twigs slender, 2.5–8 mm diam., glabrous with grey-brown usually lenticellate bark. Leaves (9, if leaf undivided, to) 14–70 cm long, undivided to 2-(or 3-)jugate; petiole 2.5–11 cm long, 1–4 mm thick, semi-terete and flattened adaxially, glabrous or extremely sparsely pubescent, occasionally lenticellate near the base; petiolules semi-terete and flattened adaxially, those of lateral leaflets 0.4–1.4 cm long and 0.5–1.5 mm thick, geniculate just below base of lamina. Lamina of distal pair leaflet 2–11.5 by 5.5–25 cm, the basal leaflets usually conspicuously smaller and the; terminal a little larger, all narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic or oblong, with cuneate or cuneate-attenuate base and acute to short (< 1.5 cm) acuminate apex, subcoriaceous, adaxial surface with most of veins slightly prominent (in sicco and in vivo), abaxial surface (other than midrib and costae) glaucous (in vivo) and glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on midrib and costae only with most (in sicco) or only to second order (in vivo) veins prominent, (of distal pair leaflet) 7–12(–20) costae on either side of midrib or with incomplete costae also (see above); glands usually present. Inflorescences clustered around shoot apex in axils of caducous, undeveloped leaves and/or rarely solitary in axils of expanded leaves near the shoot apex, (4–)8–35 cm long at anthesis, an open thyrse, branched up to third order (excluding pedicels), first order branches up to 10 cm long, all parts densely puberulous, rachis occasionally lenticellate; pedicel 0.5–2 mm long. Flowers hermaphrodite or male only, just prior to opening ± cylindrical, 2–4 mm long, 2–2.8 mm diam., at maximum opening 3.5–5 mm diam. Calyx 1.2–1.9 mm long, lobes 0.7–1.7 mm long, densely puberulous on outside only. Petals 3–3.8(–4) by 1.5– 1.8(–1.9) mm, imbricate, apex sometimes slightly hooded when mature. Androecium cylindrical or slightly ampulliform, (1.7–)2–4.3 mm long, (1.5–)2–2.5 mm diam., tubular for (l/4–)l/2(–2/3) of length with alternate filaments slightly shorter or all to same length, outside glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on tubular part and sparsely to densely pubescent on filaments, inside glabrous on tubular part and densely pubescent on filaments, filament apex bifid with teeth c. 0.2 mm long, stalk to anther 0.2–0.3 mm long, originating just below base of teeth; anther 0.6–0.8 mm long, occasionally shortly beaked, glabrous or puberulous. Disk 0.2–0.3(–0.4) mm high. Ovary densely hairy or very rarely glabrous. Style cylindrical to narrowly conical, 0.6–0.7(–l.l) mm long and 0.3–0.4 mm diam. at base and 0.3–0.6 mm diam. at top, glabrous. Stigma c. 0.4 mm long, 0.7–1 mm diam., capitate, just below the level of the anthers at anthesis. Fruit a 1– (or 2–)seeded berry, globose (to ovoid), 1.2–2.4(–2.8) cm long, 1.2– 2.4 cm diam., pale green or red in vivo, brown in sicco, sparsely and minutely puberulous, pericarp thin but coriaceous with very thin fibrous endocarp. Seeds ± ellipsoidal, 1.3–42.3 by 0.9–1.3 cm or (in 2-seeded fruit) hemi-ellipsoidal and up to 2.1 cm long, enveloped in a fleshy white or colourless sweet tasting aril which sometimes exudes a clear sticky liquid.
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Shrubs to small trees, 1-4(-8) m tall. Bark grayish brown, with pale lenticels. Stem stout; branches many. Leaves odd-pinnate or reduced to a single leaflet, 15-20(-30) cm; petiole 1-7(-9) cm, ribbed; leaflets 1 or 3(or 5), opposite; petiolules of lateral leaflet blades 0.5-1.5 cm but terminal one 2-3.5 cm, with joints; leaflet blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, (10-)14-18 × (3-)5-7 cm but terminal one largest, thickly papery to leathery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially greenish white, adaxially green and lustrous, secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein and abaxially prominent, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate to acute. Panicles 1-6 cm, pubescent. Flowers 4-5 mm. Pedicel thin and slightly shorter than flowers. Calyx lobes triangular, outside pubescent, apex acuminate. Petals white, oblong to narrowly oblong, ca. 5 mm, abaxially pubescent, apex acute to acuminate. Stamen filaments broad, basal to middle part connate into a tube, ± pubescent, tip 2-lobed; anthers ovoid, inserted between 2 lobes of filament apex, apex acute. Disk red, cup-shaped to annular, glabrous. Ovary globose to oblate, flat, 2-locular, covered with thick trichomes; style cylindric; stigma disciform, tip 2-cleft. Berry globose to ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., densely covered with yellowish gray trichomes, with 1 or 2 seeds; exocarp thin; endocarp hard and leathery. Fl. Feb-Jul, fr. Jun-Dec.
A tree. It grows about 30 m tall. The leaves are alternate and compound. The leaflets are whitish underneath. The flowers are greenish-yellow and 6 mm across. They are in groups. The fruit are about 3 cm across. They are brown to orange. They are fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A mid-canopy tree in undisturbed to slightly disturbed or open sites in mixed dipterocarp to sub-montane forests; on hillsides and ridges, but also along rivers and streams; on clay to sandy soils, also on limestone; at elevations up to 1,100 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in open forest up to 1,100 m above sea level. It if often on hillsides but can be along streams. It grows on sandy, clay and limestone soils.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses material medicinal wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Walsura pinnata world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:579940-1
WFO ID wfo-0000418031
COL ID 7FTY4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Napeodendron altissimum Walsura elata Walsura hypoleuca Walsura aherniana Walsura glauca Walsura grandifolia Walsura angulata Walsura neurodes Walsura pinnata Walsura villamilii Heynea cochinchinensis Walsura yunnanensis Walsura cochinchinensis