Washingtonia filifera (linden ex André) H.wendl.

Desert palm (en), Palmier à jupons (fr), Washingtonia filifère (fr), Palmier de Californie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Arecales > Arecaceae > Washingtonia

Characteristics

A palm which grows up to 16 m tall. It has a large canopy of several dozen leaves. The trunk is swollen at the base. It is covered with hanging dead leaf stalks. The leaves are like a fan and greyish-green. They are   long and 2 m wide. They are divided about half way along into 50-70 segments. These bend and split. The leaves have prickles along the edge. The flowers are white to apricot and occur as many along a branched stalk. This stalk is 3-5 m long and hangs downwards among the leaves. The flowers have both sexes. Pollination is by wind and insects. The fruit are small and berry like. They are brownish black with a thin sweet pulp. Each fruit has a single seed.
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Stems massive, to 1.5 m 100--150 cm diam. 2n = 36.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

They suit areas with a Mediterranean type climate. They can tolerate temperatures down to-7°C. They can withstand wind and do best in a sunny position. They can grow on most types of soil. It can grow in very alkaline soils with a pH of 9.2. They can survive drought but benefit from moisture. They often form colonies in arid regions near water. In Adelaide Botanical Gardens. It suits plant hardiness zones 9-11.
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Often forming pure stands, growing in extensive groves or small isolated clumps in moist alkaline spots in rocky canyons about seeps, springs and streams; at elevations below 1,500 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh or dried. They are also ground into a flour and made into a drink. The terminal bud or cabbage is roasted and eaten.
Uses animal food beverage environmental use fiber food fuel gene source material medicinal wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves nuts seeds stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed germinate in 6-8 weeks.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Washingtonia filifera habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Washingtonia filifera habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Washingtonia filifera leaf picture by Rea Coton (cc-by-sa)
Washingtonia filifera leaf picture by F. Manzano (cc-by-sa)
Washingtonia filifera leaf picture by F. Manzano (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Washingtonia filifera flower picture by Radomił Binek (cc-by-sa)
Washingtonia filifera flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Washingtonia filifera fruit picture by Luis Ruiz (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Washingtonia filifera world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Cyprus, Spain, Italy, Pakistan, Palau, and United States of America

Conservation status

Washingtonia filifera threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:267788-2
WFO ID wfo-0000333904
COL ID 5BV3M
BDTFX ID 72950
INPN ID 130074
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Neowashingtonia filamentosa Brahea filifera Livistona filamentosa Pritchardia filamentosa Neowashingtonia filifera Pritchardia filifera Washingtonia filamentosa Brahea filamentosa Pritchardia filifera Brahea filamentosa Washingtonia filifera var. microsperma Washingtonia filifera