Xerospermum noronhianum Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Xerospermum

Characteristics

Tree, up to 25(-30) m high, dbh up to 30(-75) en, (with buttresses). Twigs 1.5-5.5 mm thick, variably densely short hairy, early glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 1-7 cm long; petiolules 1-12 mm long; leaf axes glabrous or thinly to densely brownish or ful-vous puberulous, glabrescent. Leaflets ± elliptic, up to 50 by 30 cm, index 1.5-2.5(-6.5), pergamen-taceous to coriaceous, glands few to many; base obcuse to acute; apex rounded to variably acuminate; nerves ending free but for the few uppermost on. 5s; intersecondary nerves not conspicuous; veins and veinlets finely to laxly reticulate, about equally raised on both sides to smooth (or slightly sunken) on the upper side. Inflorescences up to 25 cm long if solitary, much shorter if tufted; axes simple or with some short patent branches in the lower part, all branches bearing few to many sessile or subsessile, very condensed, few-to several-flowered cymes, towards the apex reduced to solitary flowers; bracts deltoid to lanceolate, up to 1.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; pedicels c. 2 mm long. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals free or slightly connate, the outer two usually slightly smaller than the inner ones, ovate to obovate, 1—2(—3) by 1-2.4 mm, outside and inside glabrous or hairy (nearly always inside at the base), ciliate. Petals obovate to broadly spathulate, 1-2.8 by 0.5-1.7 mm, short-to long-clawed with an ovate to transversely elliptic blade, variably woolly, nearly always with the exception of the base outside, inside often sparsely hairy to glabrous. Disc uninterrupted. Stamens 8 (9); filaments 1.5-2.5 mm long, woolly with the exception of base and apex to woolly in the upper half (to glabrous); anthers 0.3-0.8 mm long, glabrous or with a few hairs, (ciliate). Pedicels in fruit strongly swollen, (3.5-)5-7 mm thick. Fruit lobes ellipsoid to subglobular (or obovoid), 1.75-5 by 1.25-5 cm, aculeate or tuberculate (and/or colliculate to granulate), red or darkbrown; wall coriaceous, corky, or woody, 0.65-2.5 mm thick.
More
A tree. It can be 30 m high. The trunk can be 80 cm across. There are sometimes buttresses. The twigs have small hairs at the beginning. The leaves are alternate and compound. The leaflets are usually oval. Leaves are 50 cm long by 30 cm wide. The flowers are white to yellow and 4 mm across. They are in panicles. The flowering cluster is 25 cm long. The fruit has a swollen stalk. The fruit has lobes. The fruit is 1.7-5 cm long by 1.2-5 cm wide. The seeds have a fleshy layer or aril around them. It is yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 22.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Primary and secondary rainforest; peat and heath forest; bamboo forest; plains as well as slopes and crests; dry places but also river banks, marshes, or periodically flooded areas, in a variety of soils from sea level to 300, exceptionally 1,500 m.
More
A tropical plant. It grows in a range of soils and forests usually up to 300 m but it can be higher. It is mostly on hillsides and alluvial sites. It grows on sandy and clay soils. It grows in forests up to 1,500 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fleshy layer around the seeds is eaten.
Uses food material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Xerospermum noronhianum world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:785626-1
WFO ID wfo-0000428410
COL ID 5CDH3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Nephelium noronhianum Xerospermum macrophyllum Xerospermum cylindrocarpum Nephelium xerocarpum Xerospermum echinulatum Xerospermum donnaiense Xerospermum brachyphyllum Cupania glabrata Xerospermum xanthophyllum Xerospermum noronhianum Xerospermum wallichii Xerospermum tonkinense Xerospermum ferrugineum Xerospermum poilanei Xerospermum muricatum Xerospermum lanceolatum Xerospermum testudineum Xerospermum fallax Euphoria noronhiana Xerospermum microcarpum Xerospermum intermedium Xerospermum glabrum Xerospermum glabratum