Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl.

Cola de paloma (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Commelinales > Haemodoraceae > Xiphidium

Characteristics

Herbs 15-200 cm tall; rhizomes horizontally creeping, white to brownish red inside, 4-20 cm long, to 10 mm in diam., roots fibrous; stolons 5-55 cm long, rooting at the nodes, each node with a membranous, brownish, ovate bract, basally sheathing, apex acuminate, 8-10(-22) mm long. Leaves scattered to mainly radical, somewhat succulent, 20-65 x (1-)1.5-6(-6.5) cm, mostly exceeding the inflorescence, glabrous. Inflorescence a thyrse, 2-44 cm long and 2-15 cm wide, the cincinni 5-25-flowered, simple, sometimes once branched, sometimes young plants sprouting from the axil of the cataphylls and/or primary bracts; number of cataphylls 2-6, 0.5-14 x 0.2-1.2 cm; primary bracts narrowly triangular, 0.1-3 cm long; floral bracts narrowly triangular, 0.1-0.2 cm long; pedicels 2-10 mm long; cataphylls, rachis, bracts, pedicels, and ovary sparsely to densely villose, hairs white (0.3-2 mm long), tepals and fruit almost glabrous. Flower buds pale yellow to orange, flowers white to yellowish white, sometimes with yellow honey-guide on the 3 adaxial tepals; tepals narrowly ovate-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 4-13 x 1-6 mm, the 3 adaxial ones basally connate; stamens with white to pale green filaments and bright yellow to orange anthers, abaxial stamen 4-11 mm long, the 2 adaxial ones 3-6 mm long, dehiscence starting apically; ovary green, subglobose, style white to pale green, 3-5 mm long. Capsule green when young, maturing shiny orange, red, and finally black, (sub)globose, 5-10 mm in diam.; seeds black, subglobose, tuberculate, 0.5-1 mm in diam.
More
Plants somewhat Iris-like, 3-8 dm. tall; leaves 20-50 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 cm. broad, minutely dentate-lacerate toward the tip; panicles 7-30 cm. long, 3-12 cm. broad, bearing numeroussmall white flowers; peduncle usually scurfy-puberulent; pedicels 0.3-0.4 cm. long; perianth segments 0.4-0.6 cm. long; berries dull red, globose, about 0.5 cm. in diameter.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 1.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
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Fruit color -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses: In Guyana the plant is used to cure the worm infection which gives a curved foot (Hardy 245). In Suriname the plant is a remedy (= bina) against torn foot soles (= ebesere) (Ostendorf, 1962). Xiphidium caeruleum is also cultivated in several neotropical countries as an ornamental.
Uses medicinal ornamental
Edible -
Therapeutic use Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Female (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Xiphidium caeruleum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Xiphidium caeruleum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Xiphidium caeruleum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Xiphidium caeruleum flower picture by Guy Van Laere (cc-by-sa)
Xiphidium caeruleum flower picture by Leah Shaw (cc-by-sa)
Xiphidium caeruleum flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Xiphidium caeruleum fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Xiphidium caeruleum world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:304977-2
WFO ID wfo-0000608377
COL ID 7G9FY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 920556
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Xiphidium album Xiphidium albidum Xiphidium floribundum Xiphidium giganteum Xiphidium loeflingii Xiphidium rubrum Ornithogalum rubrum Xiphidium fockeanum Ixia xiphidium Xiphidium caeruleum var. albidum Xiphidium floribundum var. caeruleum Xiphidium caeruleum