Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.

Pinecone ginger (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Zingiberales > Zingiberaceae > Zingiber

Characteristics

Rhizomes yellowish inside, tuberous. Pseudostems 0.6--2 m. Leaves sessile or shortly petiolate; ligule entire, 1.5--2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 15--40 × 3--8 cm, glabrescent or abaxially somewhat pilose, base narrowed, apex acuminate. Inflorescences arising from rhizomes, conical or ovoid-oblong, 6--15 × 3.5--5 cm, apex obtuse; peduncle 10--30 cm, scalelike sheaths 5--7; bracts closely imbricate, green when young, red when old, slightly hairy, slimy adaxially, margin membranous; bracteoles ca. 1.5 cm. Calyx 1.2--2 cm, membranous, split on 1 side, apex 3-toothed. Corolla tube 2--3 cm, slender; lobes pale yellow, lanceolate, central one 1.5--2.5 cm. Labellum pale yellow, ca. 1.5 × 2.5 cm; central lobe suborbicular or subobovate, 1.5--2 × ca. 1.5 cm, apex emarginate; lateral lobes obovate, ca. 1 cm, free nearly to base. Stamen ca. 1 cm; connective appendage beaklike, ca. 8 mm. Ovary ca. 4 mm, glabrous. Capsule ellipsoid, 0.8--1.2 cm. Seeds black. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr. Oct. 2 n = 22*.
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An upright clumpy ginger family herb up to 0.4-1 m high. The rhizome is thick and yellow. The stems are stout. The leaves do not have a leaf stalk. Leaves are broadly sword shaped. The base is narrowed. They taper to the tip. The leaves are shorter and fatter than true ginger. They are 15-40 cm long by 3-8 cm wide. The flower cone is also longer and thinner than true ginger. The flower comes from the rhizome and is cone shaped and 6-15 cm long by 3.5-5 cm wide. The stalk is 10-30 cm long. The sheaths are scale like. The bracts are green when young and red when old. The fruit is a capsule which is 0.8-1.2 cm across. The seeds are black.
Leaf blades oblanceolate or narrowly elliptical, 30--32 ´ 6--7 cm (smaller distally). Inflorescences erect, 7--11 ´ [3--]5--6 cm; bracts of main axis green when young, becoming red; proximal bracts reniform or very broadly ovate, concave, 2--3 ´ 3--4 cm, apex broadly rounded; distal bracts smaller but otherwise similar to proximal bracts, ca. 1 ´ 2 cm. Flowers: perianth and staminodes pale yellow.
Plant to 2 m tall. Leaves lanceolate, shortly acuminate, to 6 cm wide; ligule entire. Inflorescence ovate-oblong, c. 7 cm long and wide, on peduncle to 50 cm long. Flowers yellow. Labellum emarginate, white or yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.75
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical Asia. It occurs in coastal areas in the Philippines. It is most common in damp open forest. It suits seasonally moist and dry climates. It needs a fertile, organically-rich, well-drained soil. It grows in S China. It suits hardiness zones 8-12. In Yunnan.
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Moist places in forests.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The rhizome and leaves are eaten as a vegetable or used as flavouring in cooking. They are used in chutney. They are also used in medicine and magic. The flowers are cooked by frying and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses essential oil food medicinal
Edible flowers leaves rhizomes roots shoots
Therapeutic use Analgesic (bulb), Dermatological Aid (flower), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Arthritis (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (rhizome), Appetite stimulants (rhizome), Asthma (rhizome), Colic (rhizome), Cough (rhizome), Dyspepsia (rhizome), Flatulence (rhizome), Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (rhizome), Headache (rhizome), Leprosy (rhizome), Pain (rhizome), Parasympatholytics (rhizome), General tonic for rejuvenation (rhizome), Skin diseases (rhizome), Analgesic (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Orthopedic Aid (root), Toothache (root), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dermatitis (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Gallstones (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Lassitude (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Chlorosis (unspecified), Cholecystosis (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Numbness (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Cramps (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It mostly grows wild in regrowth forest. It can be grown from sections of the rhizome.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Zingiber zerumbet leaf picture by John Kevin Miranda (cc-by-sa)
Zingiber zerumbet leaf picture by Jennifer Velez (cc-by-sa)
Zingiber zerumbet leaf picture by Lacey Cobb (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Zingiber zerumbet flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Zingiber zerumbet flower picture by Wellz Tala (cc-by-sa)
Zingiber zerumbet flower picture by Saenz Daniel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Zingiber zerumbet fruit picture by Salma A (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Zingiber zerumbet world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Fiji, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Myanmar, Pitcairn, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0000618238
COL ID 5D5KJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447938
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Amomum zerumbet Cardamomum spurium Zingiber amaricans Zingiber aromaticum Zingiber truncatum Amomum silvestre Lampujang majus Amomum sylvestre Zerumbet zingiber Zingiber sylvestre Amomum spurium Zingiber zerumbet

Lower taxons

Zingiber zerumbet var. littoralis Zingiber zerumbet var. magnum Zingiber zerumbet subsp. zerumbet Zingiber zerumbet subsp. cochinchinense Zingiber zerumbet var. valenzuelae