Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite and entire. Capitula solitary, terminal, cylindrical to campanulate or hemispherical; peduncles hollow and sometimes inflated; involucral bracts 2–5-seriate, imbricate, graduated, ± scarious; receptacle conical to nearly flat; paleae persistent, enfolding achenes. Ray florets female, fertile; ligules firm, persistent, often resin-dotted, large, showy. Disc florets bisexual (rarely functionally male), fertile, tubular (rarely zygomorphic), 5-toothed with 1 lobe often longer than the others. Anthers truncate to auriculate basally, with narrow acute terminal appendages. Style branches filiform, with fused stigmatic surfaces. Achenes compressed; ray achenes smooth to minutely tuberculate, usually awnless; disc achenes ± smooth, often with a single erect awn.
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