Zostera marina L.

Eel-grass (en), Zostère marine (fr), Varech marin (fr), Zostère maritime (fr), Varech des bords de mer (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Zosteraceae > Zostera

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes 2--6 mm thick; roots 5--20 at each node. Leaves: sheath tubular, rupturing with age, 5--20 cm, membranous flaps absent; blade to 110 cm ´ 2--12 mm, apex round-obtuse or slightly mucronate; veins 5--11. Generative shoots terminal, repeatedly branched, each branch with 1--5 spathes. Inflorescences: peduncles with adnate portion 15--100 mm, free portion 2--3 cm; spathes 10 or more, sheath 4--8 cm ´ 2--5 mm; blade 5--20 cm; spadix linear; staminate flowers 1--20; pistillate flowers 1--20, apex acute or mucronate. Staminate flowers: bracts absent or rarely 1 subtending most proximal flower; pollen sacs 4--5 ´ 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: ovary 2--3 mm, style 1--3 mm. Fruits ellipsoid to ovoid, 2--5 mm, often beaked.
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Rhizomes creeping, 2-4 mm in diam., with elongated internodes. Leaves on non-flowering shoots 5-8, linear, longer than 50 cm, 3-6 mm wide, 5-7-veined, margin entire, apex rounded or mucronate; sheaths closed, tubular, membranous, splitting irregularly when old; auricle ca. 1 mm; ligule ca. 0.5 mm; intravaginal squamules 2 or 4, linear. Flowering stems ca. 1 m, branched; spathes with flattened stalk, narrower than leaves; spadix without projections. Anthers 4-5 mm. Ovary 2-3 mm; style 1.5-2.5 mm; stigmas ca. 3 mm. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm. Seeds longitudinally ribbed. Fl. and fr. Mar-Jul. 2n = 12.
A grass like plant that grows in sea water. The leaves are bright green and ribbon like. There are extensive white rhizomes or underground stems. These develop short stems that carry the leaves. The flowers are small and white. They are enclosed in the sheaths of the leaf bracts.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic
Foliage retention
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination hydrogamy
Spread hydrochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Fine gravel, sand or mud in the sea from low water spring tides to depths of 4 metres in the Atlantic Ocean, rarely in estuaries. In the Black Sea, it is found in pure and mixed stands from 0.5-15 metres depth on silty-sandy substrates.
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It is a plant of temperate coasts. It grows in subtropical places. It grows in sand and forms beds just below the low tide mark.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

The roots have a sweet sugar taste. The rhizomes, stems and leaf bases can be eaten raw. They are also used to flavour meat dishes.
Uses environmental use fiber fodder food food additive forage material medicinal spice
Edible leaves rhizomes roots seeds stems
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Zostera marina leaf picture by Sam Lubicz (cc-by-sa)
Zostera marina leaf picture by Frédéric PARDO (cc-by-sa)
Zostera marina leaf picture by Birgit Haaks (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Zostera marina world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bermuda, Canada, China, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Honduras, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Ukraine, and United States of America

Conservation status

Zostera marina threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:603618-1
WFO ID wfo-0000770315
COL ID 5D8HT
BDTFX ID 73259
INPN ID 130673
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Zostera marina Zostera pacifica Zostera stenophylla Alga marina Zostera latifolia Zostera maritima Zostera marina var. phillipsii Zostera marina var. izembekensis Zostera marina var. atam Zostera marina var. latifolia Zostera marina var. stenophylla Zostera marina f. sulcatifolia Zostera marina f. latifolia Zostera oregana Zostera marina var. marina Zostera marina f. typica