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Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach

Nordmann fir (en), Sapin du caucase (fr), Sapin de Crimée (fr), Sapin de Nordmann (fr), Sapin du Caucase (fr)

Species

Gymnosperms > Pinales > Pinaceae > Abies

Characteristics

Large tree to c. 30 m high; trunk grey, smooth, except for slightly fissured bark near base. Shoots brown, short, hairy, grooved. Buds ovoid, not resinous; bud scales slightly keeled, appressed. Foliage ± pectinate and at right angles to shoot on older and lower parts of shoot, dense and sloping forwards to cover upper side towards shoot apex. Lvs 1.5-3.5-(4.5) cm long (often smaller on coning shoots), glossy dark green above; stomatal bands white below; resin ducts mostly marginal, ± median on ♀ coning shoots; apex emarginate. ♂ strobili crimson, < 1 cm long. Mature cones on upper branches, 12-18 cm long, broad-cylindric, brown; ovuliferous scales very broad, rounded; bracts exserted, the cuspidate tip 3-4 mm long and pointing upwards. Seed wing c. 1.5 cm long, truncate at apex.
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A tree. It grows 50 m tall. It is narrow and 5 m across. The branches are densely packed on a straight trunk. The needles are densely arranged around the shoots. The crushed leaves have a smell like citrus.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 5.0
Mature height (meter) 50.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Montane forests, sometimes forming pure stands, often with Picea species; often on northern slopes; growing on deep fertile soils derived from igneous and granite rocks; at elevations around 1,200-2,200 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows between 1,200-2,000 m above sea level. It suits USDA hardiness zones 4-6.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

Uses environmental use essential oil material medicinal ornamental social use timber wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity allergenic, skin-irritating (aerial)
Animal toxicity weak toxic (aerial)

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 13
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Abies nordmanniana habit picture by Samuele (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Abies nordmanniana leaf picture by Tomáš Kydlíček (cc-by-sa)
Abies nordmanniana leaf picture by Arch Stanton (cc-by-sa)
Abies nordmanniana leaf picture by Krampl Tomáš (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Abies nordmanniana flower picture by melike kahraman (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Abies nordmanniana fruit picture by Alberto Sala (cc-by-sa)
Abies nordmanniana fruit picture by vriesirene (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Abies nordmanniana world distribution map, present in Colombia, France, New Zealand, and Turkey

Conservation status

Abies nordmanniana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261599-1
WFO ID wfo-0000511305
COL ID 63Z83
BDTFX ID 36
INPN ID 79345
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pinus nordmanniana Picea nordmanniana Abies nordmanniana var. leioclada Abies pectinata var. leioclada Abies picea var. leioclada Pinus abies var. nordmanniana Pinus abies var. leioclada Pinus picea var. leioclada Abies nordmanniana var. tortifolia Abies nordmanniana f. robusta Abies nordmanniana f. aurea Abies nordmanniana f. pendula Abies nordmanniana

Lower taxons

Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana
WorldFloraDB 2024