Acanthus L.

Acanthus (en), Acanthe (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Acanthaceae

Characteristics

Shrubs or perennial herbs, erect or decumbent, without cystoliths. Leaves opposite [whorled or in a basal cluster], petiolate; leaf blade margin entire, pinnatifid, or spinously toothed. Inflorescences in terminal [or axillary], uninterrupted spikes; bracts imbricate, ovate, growing in size as plant matures, margin spiny; bracteoles 2 or sometimes absent. Calyx 4-lobed, posterior and anterior lobes larger, lateral pair of lobes smaller. Corolla tube very short, horny; limb of a single (lower) lip (upper lip sometimes rudimentary); lip elongate, obtusely 3-lobed. Stamens 4, paired, inserted at top of corolla tube, exserted; filaments stout, thickened, bony; anthers 1-thecous; theca linear-oblong, usually densely bearded, lacking basal appendages; staminodes absent. Ovary with 2 ovules per locule; style slender; stigma 2-cleft. Capsule not stipitate, ellipsoid, shiny, 4-seeded; retinacula present. Seeds ± compressed.
More
Perennial herbs or shrubs. Stems simple, erect. Lvs mostly radical, pinnatifid to pinnatisect; margins sometimes spiny. Fls strongly zygomorphic, arranged in dense spike-like infls. Bracts large, spinose-dentate; bracteoles entire. Calyx 4-lobed; upper and lower lobes larger, sometimes spine-tipped; lateral lobes very small. Corolla 1-lipped (only lower lip present); lip 3-5-lobed; tube short. Stamens 4, included; filaments thick and prominent; anthers fused in pairs, 1-celled, often white-villous. Ovules 2 per cell. Style shortly 2-lobed. Capsule oblong or ovoid, 4-seeded.
Leaves shortly petiolate, obovate to oblanceolate, often deeply pinnately lobed, rarely only dentate, spinous-toothed, up to 20 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, scabrid or thinly pilose
Stout erect plants, glabrescent or hirsute in the upper parts
Spikes up to 20 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

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Edible -
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Cultivation

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Germination duration (days) 21 - 25
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 12
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