Perennial herbs or shrubs. Stems simple, erect. Lvs mostly radical, pinnatifid to pinnatisect; margins sometimes spiny. Fls strongly zygomorphic, arranged in dense spike-like infls. Bracts large, spinose-dentate; bracteoles entire. Calyx 4-lobed; upper and lower lobes larger, sometimes spine-tipped; lateral lobes very small. Corolla 1-lipped (only lower lip present); lip 3-5-lobed; tube short. Stamens 4, included; filaments thick and prominent; anthers fused in pairs, 1-celled, often white-villous. Ovules 2 per cell. Style shortly 2-lobed. Capsule oblong or ovoid, 4-seeded.
Leaves shortly petiolate, obovate to oblanceolate, often deeply pinnately lobed, rarely only dentate, spinous-toothed, up to 20 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, scabrid or thinly pilose
Stout erect plants, glabrescent or hirsute in the upper parts
Spikes up to 20 cm. long.