Afzelia africana Pers.

Afzelia (en), Savanna doussié (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Afzelia

Characteristics

Tree 6–30 m. high, with flat or rounded spreading crown; bark grey to dark brown, scaly; branchlets glabrous.. Leaves: rhachis with petiole 4–32 cm. long or more; leaflets (mature) 2–5(–6) pairs, petiolulate, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, mostly 5–15 cm. long, 2.8–6.9(–8.5) cm. wide, obtusely pointed to ± acuminate at apex.. Inflorescences paniculate, with racemose branches 3–13 cm. long, rarely (? casually and by reduction) inflorescence simply racemose.. Flowers sweetly scented, with hypanthium 0.3–0.6 cm. long.. Sepals shortly and densely velvety-pubescent or-puberulous outside, broadly obovate-elliptic to rotund, 2 outer 6–9 mm. long, 5–7 mm. wide, 2 inner 7–11 mm. long, 6–10 mm. wide.. Large petal 1.1–2 cm. long, white or greenish-white, with pinkish-crimson streak down centre, with a rather long claw suddenly widened into a bilobed lamina 0.7–1.1 cm. wide.. Stamens 7 fertile, with ± pubescent filaments.. Style ± pubescent below.. Pods straight, 10.5–20.5 cm. long, 5.5–8.5 cm. wide.. Seeds black, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 1.6–3 cm. long, 1.1–2.1 cm. wide, with an orange cup-shaped basal aril.
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A large tree. It grows 6-30 m tall. Often is loses its leaves during part of the year. It has thick branches. It has short thick buttresses near the base. The bark is dark brown. Large pieces of bark flake off. The leaves are compound. The leaf stalks are 32 cm long. There are 2-5 pairs of leaflets. They are oval and 5-15 cm long. The tip is pointed. The flowers occur in heads about 10 cm long. Each flower is 1-2 cm long and has only one petal. The flower is green-white with pink lines. The fruit is a large woody straight pod. It can be 10-20 cm long and 5-8 cm wide. The seeds are black and 3 cm long. They are half covered with a soft bright orange aril. They lie in white pith.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 18.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer present
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Humid and dry forests, tree savannahs, forest galleries. Semi-deciduous forest and savannahs to the southern border of the Sahel. Found in the drier parts of the tropical forests region in valleys, on the savannah and in areas fringing forests.
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It grows in the tropics. It grows in wooded grassland and better rainfall areas. It can grow in dry stony soils. It grows between 1,220-1,370 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-9
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The aril of the seed is eaten. The seeds are used as a soup thickener. The seeds are also used as a spice. The young leaves and young fruit are eaten. The seeds are made into flour for biscuits.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food forage fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison social use spice timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible fruits leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Abdomen (unspecified), Antemetic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Guineaworms (unspecified), Hernia (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Poison(Arrow) (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Leprome (unspecified), Sleeping sickness (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed can be self sown, sown where they are to grow or can be put in a nursery. The orange aril should be removed from the seed and cutting the seed coat slightly may help seed germinate. Seed can be stored for a long time in an airtight container. Plants can be budded.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Afzelia africana unspecified picture

Distribution

Afzelia africana world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, and Uganda

Conservation status

Afzelia africana threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:473044-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213207
COL ID 65JHK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Afrafzelia africana Afzelia africana Afzelia africana Intsia africana Pahudia africana