Afzelia Sm.

Mahogany (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae

Characteristics

Unarmed evergreen or sometimes deciduous trees. Leaves simply and normally paripinnate; stipules with their basal parts connate into a persistent intrapetiolar scale, and with their upper parts free and caducous; petiolules twisted; leaflets opposite or subopposite, without translucent gland-dots, but normally with a small dot-like gland at proximal side of leaflet base either on lower surface in angle between margin and midrib or on margin itself. Inflorescences simply racemose, or of racemes grouped into panicles; flowers spirally arranged along the inflorescence-axes; pedicels jointed at base; bracteoles large, well-developed, concavo-convex, almost completely concealing the young flower-buds, one bracteole overlapping the other by its margins; both bracteoles caducous before the flower opens. Hypanthium ± elongate. Sepals 4, imbricate, unequal (2 outer, 2 inner). Petal 1, large, clawed, the others rudimentary or absent. Stamens normally 7 fertile and 2 staminodes. Ovary stipitate, the stipe adnate to the hypanthium; style long; stigma small, ± capitate; ovules many. Pods dehiscing into 2 thickly woody valves. Seeds embedded in white pith, large, thick, hard, furnished with a basal brightly coloured aril.
More
Trees. Stipules interpetiolarly connate at base. Leaves paripinnate. Leaflets chartaceous, shortly petiolulate, petiolule often turned or twisted. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose, often fasciculate or paniculate; bracts and bracteoles small, often caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, pedicelled. Hypanthium cupular, narrowly infundibuliform or cylindric, puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Calyx lobes 4, imbricate, puberulous on both surfaces. Petals only one fully developed, large, flabellate, lower half narrowed into a claw, the others small or absent. Disk absent. Stamens 9, usually (5-)7 fertile, almost equal, the others reduced; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary stipi-tate (stipe adnate to the hypanthium), 3-8(or more)-ovuled; style slender, almost as long as the stamens; stigma small, round. Pods oblong, obliquely oblong, or slightly rhomboid, compressed, black when ripe, glabrous, 2-valved, valves thick, woody, often 3 (or more)-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, ovoid-oblong or broadly ellipsoid, smooth, exalbuminous; aril yellow, orange, or red, often 2-lobed, covering the seed for up to half or more of its length.
Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate; stipules caducous, minute; leaflets in few pairs. Panicles terminal; bracts and bracteoles decidu­ous or ± persistent, ovate, slightly thick, not colored. Flowers bisexual, pedicellate. Calyx tubular, with a disk in throat; lobes 4, slightly unequal in size, leathery, imbricate. Petal 1, suborbicular or reniform, clawed, others rudimentary or absent. Stamens 7 or 8; filaments elongated, base partly united or free; anthers ovoid or oblong, opening lengthwise; staminodes 2, very small. Ovary stalked, stalk adnate to calyx tube; ovules few to numerous; style filiform; stigma subcapitate, small. Legume slightly compressed, oblong or obliquely oblong, woody, thick, 2-valved, transversely septate between seeds. Seeds ovoid or oblong, with horny, hard, arilloid funicle at base, without endosperm; cotyledons fleshy, ± flat; embryo straight.
Leaves paripinnate; leaflets opposite or subopposite, without gland dots, but sometimes with a dot-like gland near the base of the leaflet; petiolules twisted; stipules intrapetiolar, upper parts early caducous.
Seeds up to 10, without areole, lying in compartments in a white pithy endocarp, with a yellow or red fleshy aril partially enveloping the seed.
Flowers in racemes or panicles, spirally arranged on the inflorescence axis; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles 2, small, caducous.
Fertile stamens 7–9, filaments long; anthers dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; 2 staminodes often present.
Ovary stipitate; ovules usually 10–15; style elongate, filiform; stigma terminal, small.
Pods oblong or reniform, compressed, with thick woody valves, tardily dehiscent.
Corolla of a single large petal, with up to 4 represented as minute rudiments.
Sepals 4, subequal, differentiated into 2 outer and 2 inner, imbricate.
Trees, evergreen or deciduous, unarmed.
Hypanthium present, generally elongate.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

UsesThe timber of Afzelia species is highly valued. See Phengklai et al. Soerianegara & Lemmens Pl. Res. SE Asia (PROSEA Handb.) 5(1), Major commercial timbers 1993 69.
Uses timber
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -