Akebia quinata (thunb. ex Houtt.) Decne.

Fiveleaf akebia (en), Akébie à cinq feuilles (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Lardizabalaceae > Akebia

Characteristics

Woody climbers, deciduous. Stems grayish brown, slender, cylindric; lenticels prominent, small, orbicular. Winter bud outer scales imbricate, pale red-brown. Petiole slender, 4.5--10 cm; petiolules slender, 0.8--1.5(--2.5) cm; leaflets (3--)5(--7), obovate to obovate-elliptic, papery, abaxially glaucous, adaxially dark green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex rounded and usually emarginate and cuspidate; lateral leaflets 2--5 × 1.5--2.5 cm; terminal leaflet 2.5--5(--7) cm. Racemes fascicled, 6--12 cm; bracts imbricate, scaly; peduncle ca. 2.5 cm, axillary on short branches. Flowers slightly fragrant. Male flowers: 4--8 (--11). Pedicel slender, 7--10 mm. Sepals 3(--5), pale purple, occasionally pale green or white, broadly cucullate-ovate, 6--8 × 4--6 mm, apex rounded. Stamens 6(or 7), straight at first, incurved at length; filaments very short; anthers oblong. Pistillodes 3--6, small. Female flowers: pedicel slender, 2--4(--5) cm. Sepals dark purple, occasionally green or white, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 1--2 × 0.8--1.5 cm. Staminode 6--9. Carpels 3--6(--9). Fruit purplish at maturity, straight or slightly incurved, oblong to ellipsoid, 5--8 × 3--4 cm. Seeds ovoid-oblong, compressed, pulp white; seed coat brown to black, shiny. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Aug.
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High-climbing liane, deciduous, or ± evergreen in mild climates. Petioles to c. 12 cm long. Leaflets 5, entire; petiolules to 2 cm long on larger leaflets. Lamina of largest leaflet 3-6 × 2-4 cm, elliptic to obovate; base cuneate to rounded; basal pair of leaflets considerably smaller. Racemes 5-9 cm long, usually with 2 ♀ and 4-6 ♂ fls; fls fragrant. Peduncles slender; bracts of ♀ fls 3-5 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate; bracts of ♂ fls smaller. Pedicels filiform, much > bracts. Sepals of ♂ fls c. 6 mm long, broad-elliptic to suborbicular, valvate, pinkish purple. Stamens 3-4 mm long, incurved. Sepals of ♀ fls 11-15 mm long, suborbicular, concave, scarcely valvate, purple. Ovary of 3-6 carpels, each 4-6 mm long; stigma with prominent glistening mucilage. Fr. 8-9 cm long, sausage-shaped, mauve or purple.
Plants , deciduous to semi-evergreen, climbing to 12 m, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1.6-12.5 cm; leaflets mostly 5, petiolules 0.2-2.2 cm, blades oblong to ovate-elliptic, 0.7-8.2 × 0.4-4.2 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex retuse. Inflorescences pendent, 4.5-12 cm; pedicel with basal bracts. Flowers fragrant. Staminate flowers 4-15 per inflorescence, 1.2-1.6 cm diam.; sepals oblong to ovate or elliptic, 5-9 mm; stamens 4-5 mm. Pistillate flowers (0-)1-5 per inflorescence, 2-3 cm diam.; sepals elliptic to ovate or nearly orbiculate, 10 16­mm; pistils 3-7, 1 or more maturing. Follicles glaucous, violet to dark purple, oblong, 5-15 cm. Seeds black, ovoid, embedded in whitish pulp.
A climber which grows 12 m long. It twines around objects and climbs. The stems are dark purple-red. Where winters are mild they keep their leaves year round. The leaves are made up of 5 oval leaflets. Each leaflet is about 5 cm long. Male and female flowers are separate. The flowers have a sweet smell and appear in clusters. Female flowers are purplish-brown and 2-3 cm across. They are cup-shaped. The male flowers are smaller and rose-purple. The fruit is 5-10 cm long and 5 cm wide. It is sausage shaped and grey-violet. The seeds are black in a white pulp. There are 40-50 seeds. The pulp is edible.
A native of e. Asia, sometimes escapes from cult. It is a high-climbing woody twiner, with 5 retuse lfls and fragrant, purplish-brown fls in small, axillary racemes, the lower pistillate, 2–3 cm wide, the upper staminate and smaller; 2n=32.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows naturally in mountainous areas in Japan and Korea. It needs well drained moist soil. It can grow in acid or alkaline soils. It can grow in shade but does better in sunlight. Plants are hardy to-20°C, when dormant but damaged by frost when in shoot. In mild winters they keep their leaves. It suits hardiness zones 5-10. It grows in Sichuan.
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Woods, hedges and thickets in mountainous areas. Forest margins along streams, scrub on mountain slopes at elevations from 300-1,500 metres in China.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The fruit is eaten raw. The skin of the fruit is bitter but it is fried and eaten. The fruit can also be pureed and made into a drink. The soft young shoots are used in salads. They are also pickled in salt. The leaves can be used for tea.
Uses brewing drinks eating environmental use food medicinal oil tea
Edible fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Cancer (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Viscera (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Antiphlogistic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. If possible use fresh seed or for stored seed give it one months cold treatment. Seed should be sown on the surface of the soil. The seed usually germinates in 1-3 months at 15°C. Plants do not transplant easily. Hand pollination helps fruit bearing. Male pollen from a separate plant should be used. As plants are probably self sterile 2 plants from different sources should be grown together. Plants can be grown from cuttings of the vine or root. Plants can also be grown by layering. In warm climates plants need to be pruned back heavily.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 7 - 9
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Akebia quinata leaf picture by Kat L. (cc-by-sa)
Akebia quinata leaf picture by john gallant (cc-by-sa)
Akebia quinata leaf picture by john gallant (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Akebia quinata flower picture by Rina Jeger (cc-by-sa)
Akebia quinata flower picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)
Akebia quinata flower picture by samantha samantha (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Akebia quinata fruit picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Akebia quinata world distribution map, present in China, France, Japan, New Zealand, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:106376-1
WFO ID wfo-0000524888
COL ID BDYW
BDTFX ID 2429
INPN ID 81001
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Akebia quinata f. polyphylla Akebia micrantha Akebia quinata f. albiflora Rajania quinata Akebia quinata var. diplochlamys Akebia quinata var. polyphylla Akebia quinata var. yechi Akebia quinata f. viridiflora Akebia quinata f. diplochlamys Akebia quinata