Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms

Species

Angiosperms > Cornales > Cornaceae > Alangium

Characteristics

Moderate-sized to large tree, 9–24 m. tall, bark smooth and grey.. Branchlets purple-brown, never spiny, at first pubescent later glabrous.. Leaves very variable, narrowly elliptic to broadly ovate, usually ovate, cuneate, truncate or subcordate at the base, asymmetric, often markedly so, acuminate at the apex, entire when adult but seedling leaves and leaves from coppice shoots are often palmately lobed and much larger than adult leaves.. Lamina 4–19 cm. long and 2.5–10 cm. wide (up to 25 × 27 cm. in juvenile leaves), at first pubescent, later glabrescent; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm. long, velvety pubescent or glabrous; main lateral nerves 4–6, the basal ones confocal and sharply ascending so that the lamina is 5–7-nerved from the base, tertiary venation close, approximately parallel and at right angles to the costa.. Flowers golden pubescent, white, cream or yellow, sweetly scented, 8–16 mm. long and 1.5–3.5 mm. wide, 5–8-merous, 3–23 in pedunculate 1–4-branched pubescent or glabrescent inflorescences, peduncles 0.4–1.8 cm. long, secondary branches 0.1–2.6 cm. long and pedicels 3–5.5 mm. long.. Buds cylindrical, usually swollen at the base.. Calyx-tube cylindrical or funnel-shaped, 1.5 mm. long, limb spreading, 1 mm. tall, denticulate.. Petals ligulate, 8–13.5 mm. long and 1–1.7 mm. wide, pubescent outside, glabrescent inside save for a densely hirsute area near the base.. Stamens the same number as the petals, anthers narrow, 5–9 mm. long.. Style pilose, cylindrical, clavate apically, stigma lobed, together 7–10 mm. long.. Fruit laterally compressed, globose or ellipsoidal, rather costate in the dry state, basally rounded, apically rather tapering, minutely pubescent, 1–2-celled, 8–10 mm. long, 6.5–9 mm. wide (maximum) and 4–5.5 mm. wide (minimum).. Fig. 1.
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Shrubs or small trees, 3-5 m tall. Branchlets pubescent when young, glabrescent. Petiole reddish, 4-6 cm; leaf blade ovate or orbicular to cordate, 8-20 × 5-12 cm, abaxially tufted pubescent at axils of veins, adaxially glabrous, strongly 3-5-veined at base, base usually oblique, occasionally rounded or subrounded, or triangular, margin entire or with few shallow lobes, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary cymes, 3-15-flowered. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Calyx lobes 4-7, shortly dentate. Petals valvate, 6(-8), lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. Stamens 6-8, ca. as many as petals, glabrous. Drupe ovoid, 5-7 mm, seed 1. Fl. May-Jul, Sep-Oct, fr. Jul-Nov.
Leaves (4)10–15(19) × (2·5)4–8(10) cm., varying from narrowly elliptic to broadly ovate, apex acute to mucronate, base rounded or subcuneate to subcordate, often markedly oblique; margins entire to slightly undulate (palmately lobed leaves have been recorded from juvenile plants and from coppiced shoots); petiole 0·5–2·5 cm. long, glabrous or pubescent.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 3-5 m tall. The young branches are hairy. The leaves are oval and 8-20 cm long by 5-12 cm wide. Underneath their are hairs where the veins join. There are 3-15 flowers in a group. The flowers are 2 cm across. The fruit is oval and 5-7 mm across. There is one seed.
Fruit 8–10 × (4)6–8(9) mm., globose or ellipsoidal, somewhat compressed and occasionally slightly eccentric, distinctly ribbed when dry, puberulous, 1–2-loculate, crowned with the disk and the remains of the sepals.
Flowers with a dense golden pubescence on the exterior, white to yellow, reportedly sweet-scented; 5–8-merous, borne 3–10(23) in sparsely branched axillary cymes less than 1/2 the length of the subtending leaves.
Venation typically of 5 main veins ascending from the base of the leaf, some with major laterals and all connected by numerous tertiary veins running approximately parallel and at right angles to the primaries.
Petals strap-shaped, up to 13·5 × 1(1·5) mm., exterior pubescent, interior ± glabrous apart from an area c. 1/2 of the way up from the base.
Stamens the same number as the petals, 5–9 mm. long, pubescent at the base, anthers narrowly linear.
Calyx-tube, 1·5 mm. long ± funnel-shaped, with a narrow spreading limb with 5 minute teeth.
A deciduous tree, to 70 ft. high, fast growing and soft-wooded
Style pubescent, 7–10 mm. long, with a slightly-lobed stigma.
Twigs pubescent when immature and then glabrescent.
Flowers creamy white to pale yellow, fragrant
Pedicels 3–3·5 mm. long.
A tree of 9–24 m. high.
Buds flask-shaped.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.1
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Upland thickets in W. China. Open places around villages at elevations of 300-2,400 metres in Nepal. Disturbed lowland and montane forests at elevations up to 2,000 metres in Africa and 3,000 metres in the Himalayas.
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Upland thickets in W. China. Open places around villages at elevations of 300-2,400 metres in Nepal. Disturbed lowland and montane forests at elevations up to 2,000 metres in Africa and 3,000 metres in the Himalayas.
It is a tropical plant. It grows on the edges of forests and in exposed places below 2,500 m above sea level. It needs well-drained moist soils. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Forest margins, especially in montane areas.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

Uses animal food construction environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (bark), Anthelmintics (root), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Numbness (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Contraceptive (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Antiparasitic agents (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Alangium chinense unspecified picture

Distribution

Alangium chinense world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, China, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mozambique, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Sudan, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:58134-1
WFO ID wfo-0000936752
COL ID 668B9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Marlea begoniifolia Marlea virgata Karangolum chinense Stylidium bauthas Stylidium chinense Stylis chinensis Alangium kenyense Alangium begoniifolium Alangium chinense Alangium octopetalum Alangium platanifolium f. triangulare Guettarda jasminiflora Alangium chinense subsp. pauciflorum Alangium chinense var. pauciflorum Alangium chinense subsp. strigosum Alangium chinense subsp. triangulare Marlea affinis Marlea chinensis Stelanthes solitarius Alangium chinense subsp. chinense