Alcea rosea L.

Hollyhock (en), Passerose (fr), Rose trémière (fr), Alcée rose (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Alcea

Characteristics

Herbs biennial, erect, to 2(-3) m tall; stem densely hirsute. Stipules ovate, ca. 8 mm, apically 3-lobed; petiole 5-15 cm, stellate hirsute; leaf blade nearly orbicular, palmately 5-7-lobed or crenate-angled, 6-16 cm in diam., papery, abaxially long stellate hirsute or stellate tomentose, adaxially sparsely stellate pilose, lobes triangular or rounded, central lobe ca. 3 × 4-6 cm. Flowers solitary or fascicled, aggregated into a terminal, spikelike inflorescence. Bracts foliaceous. Pedicel ca. 5 mm, 8-10 mm in fruit, stellate hirsute. Epicalyx cup-shaped, usually 6-or 7-lobed, 8-10 mm, densely stellate hirsute, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, 2-3 cm in diam., lobes ovate-triangular, 1.2-1.5 cm, densely stellate hirsute. Corolla red, purple, white, pink, yellow, or black-purple, 6-10 cm in diam., sometimes double; petals obovate-triangular, ca. 4 cm, base attenuate, claw tipped with long thin hairs, apex emarginate. Staminal column glabrous, ca. 2 cm; filaments ca. 2 mm. Style branches many, puberulent. Schizocarp disk-shaped, ca. 2 cm in diam., puberulent; mericarps many, nearly orbicular, longitudinally grooved. Fl. Feb-Aug.
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Biennial to perennial up to 2-(3) m high, with a single main stem. Stems sparsely to densely clothed in stellate hairs and hispid when young, becoming ± glabrous or with scattered deflexed hairs when mature. Lvs moderately to densely clothed in stellate hairs, becoming ± glabrous above when mature, suborbicular, cordate or sagittate at base, not lobed or shallowly to moderately 3-7-lobed to < ⅓ radius particularly in stem lvs, crenate or serrate, c. 2-20 cm diam.; petioles 2-c. 30 cm long; stipules triangular, 1-3-toothed, 6-10 mm long. Fls axillary, usually solitary, rarely in clusters of 2-3; fruiting pedicels 1-5-(20) cm long; epicalyx segments 6, narrow-triangular, united for lower ?-1/2, c. 1/2-3/4 as long as calyx at flowering, usually recurved at fruiting; calyx campanulate; calyx teeth narrow-or ovate-triangular, acute, densely clothed in stellate hairs, ± connivent at fruiting; petals white, light to dark pink, deep crimson or purple, sometimes darker at base, 30-60 mm long. Mericarps numerous in each fr., with appressed hairs on the narrowly furrowed back; edges winged.
A short lived perennial plant. It grows for about 2 years. It grows 1.5-2.5 m high and spreading to 60 cm wide. The stem is erect, leafy and flowering. The leaf stalks are 5-15 cm long. The leaf blade is nearly round and 6-16 cm across. There are 5-7 lobes arranged like fingers on a hand. The lobes are triangular. The flowers are in the axils of leaves. They are bowl shaped. The petals are crinkled. Flowers are red, purple, pink, white, yellow and black and 6-10 cm across.
Plants 1–2.5+ m, roughly stellate-hairy to hirsute. Leaves: stipules ovate, 8 mm, apically 3-lobed; petiole equaling or longer than blade; blade suborbiculate to 5–7-angled or shallowly triangular-lobed, sometimes more deeply channeled and winged dorsally, 6–8 mm. Seeds tuberculate or not, often minutely hairy. 2n = 42.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 0.6
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. Plants are frost hardy. Plants can tolerate temperatures down to about-15°C. It grows best in a sheltered sunny position and in a heavy rich soil. It will grow in most soils. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. The soil should be well drained. It suits hardiness zones 3-10. In Yunnan.
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Not known in a truly wild situation.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The young leaves are eaten raw or cooked. The leaves are used for sarma in Turkey. They are rolled around a filling of rice or minced meat. The inner portion of the young stems is eaten raw. The flowers buds and petals are added raw to salads. An edible starch can be made from the root. The flower petals can be used for tea.
Uses dye environmental use fiber material medicinal oil ornamental tea
Edible flowers leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Antirheumatic agents (flower), Cathartics (flower), Cough (flower), Diuretics (flower), Emollients (flower), Furunculosis (flower), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Astringents (root), Demulcents (root), Dysentery (root), Fever (root), Goiter (root), Skin diseases (root), Urinary calculi (root), Antipyretics (seed), Demulcents (seed), Diuretics (seed), Jaundice (seed), Astringent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Labor (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Cardiovascular system (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed, division of the clump or by cuttings. Seeds germinate in 2-3 weeks at 20°C. To avoid frosts seeds are sown indoors 8 weeks before the last frost. The seed are sown 6 mm deep. It should be pruned back after flowering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Alcea rosea habit picture by Mure Mo (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea habit picture by Julien Legrand (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Alcea rosea leaf picture by valerie peti jean (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea leaf picture by mariline lebrat (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea leaf picture by karl käfer (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Alcea rosea flower picture by François Brisse (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea flower picture by Laurence Chabalier (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea flower picture by Bola Krisko (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Alcea rosea fruit picture by Cameron Waibel (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea fruit picture by Ana Ostojić (cc-by-sa)
Alcea rosea fruit picture by van Rijnswou Sander (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Alcea rosea world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Germany, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libya, Morocco, Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Romania, El Salvador, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Thailand, Tajikistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558713-1
WFO ID wfo-0000525183
COL ID BH8Y
BDTFX ID 2451
INPN ID 81023
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Alcea cretica Alcea ficifolia Alcea rosea Althaea flexuosa Althaea sinensis Malva florida Malva rosea Malva hortensus Althaea cretica Althaea sinensis Althaea chinensis Althaea meonantha Althaea rosea Althaea caribaea Althaea coromandelina Alcea microchiton Althaea mexicana Althaea microchiton Althaea rosea var. sinensis Alcea biennis subsp. cretica

Lower taxons

Alcea rosea subsp. ficifolia