Allophylus africanus P.Beauv.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Allophylus

Characteristics

Shrub or tree (2–)4.5–10 m. tall, with heavy spreading crown; bark black or grey to reddish, smooth or rough; slash yellow with pink tinge; branchlets ± glabrous to puberulous or pubescent, lenticellate.. Leaves trifoliolate, typically ± glabrous but hairy in variety, very discolorous, when glabrous dark and shiny above; leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 2–14.5 cm. long, 1–7 cm. wide, rounded to acuminate at the apex, attenuate to cuneate at the base, subentire to crenate or coarsely and irregularly dentate, subcoriaceous, sometimes with hairy domatia beneath; petiole (1–)2–7.5 cm. long.. Inflorescences 4.5–15 cm. long, unbranched or usually with 1–6 branches, usually pale fulvous pubescent; cymules subsessile; pedicels (0.5–)1.5–2 mm. long, often glabrous.. Flowers white, greenish white or yellowish green, scented; outer sepals broadly elliptic, ± 1 mm. long and wide, inner oblate, 1 mm. long, 1–1.5 mm. wide, ± glabrous; petal spathulate, 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide.. Filaments ± 2 mm. long, hairy at base.. Style 1 mm. long, hairy; stigma 0.5 mm. long.. Fruit ellipsoid, 5–7 mm. long, 4–4.5 mm. wide, very sparsely hairy.. Seed ellipsoid, 5.5–6 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide.
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Shrub or tree (2-)4.5-10 m tall, with heavy spreading crown; bark black or grey to reddish, smooth or rough; slash yellow with pink tinge; branchlets ± glabrous to puberulous or pubescent, lenticellate. Leaves trifoliolate, typically ±glabrous but hairy in variety, very discolorous, when glabrous dark and shiny above; leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 2-14.5 cm long, 1-7 cm wide, rounded to acuminate at the apex, attenuate to cuneate at the base, subentire to crenate or coarsely and irregularly dentate, subcoriaceous, sometimes with hairy domatia beneath; petiole (1-)2-7.5 cm long. Inflorescences 4.5-15 cm long, unbranched or usually with 1-6 branches, usually pale fulvous pubescent; cymules subsessile; pedicels (0.5-)1.5-2 mm long, often glabrous. Flowers white, greenish white or yellowish green, scented; outer sepals broadly elliptic, ±1 mm long and wide, inner oblate, 1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, ± glabrous; petal spathulate, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Filaments ±2 mm long, hairy at base. Style 1 mm long, hairy; stigma 0.5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, 5-7 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide, very sparsely hairy. Seed ellipsoid, 5.5-6 mm long, 4.5 mm wide.
Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole up to 7 cm. long, nearly glabrous to densely pubescent; leaflets subequal or with the terminal one up to 11/2 times as long as the lateral ones; petiolules up to 12 mm. long in the terminal leaflet but rarely exceeding 2 mm. in the sometimes subsessile lateral ones; lamina of terminal leaflet up to 15 × 8 cm. (sometimes larger outside our area) but often much smaller (especially in Groups C and D, q.v.), obovate to elliptic, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, almost glabrous to pubescent above, almost glabrous to tomentose beneath, minutely glandular beneath and sometimes with tufts of hairs in the axils of the lateral nerves, apex acute or rounded and sometimes slightly acuminate, margin shallowly crenate-serrate or shallowly serrate or sometimes subentire, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate (rarely appreciably narrowed except in some possible hybrids); lateral nerves 6–9 pairs.
Tree or shrub, 3-8 m high, white-grey bark. Leaflets obovate to elliptic, discolorous, glossy, dark green above, light green below, pubescent; veins on both sides hairy and prominent with domatia in axils of secondary veins, margins serrate; petioles pubescent. Flowers simple, in lax panicles. Petals spathulate. Ovary with 2-lobed style, 1.8 mm long. Flowering time Dec.-Feb. Fruit red or orange, 4-6 mm in diam., subglobose. Seeds flattened, globose.
A shrub. It grows 3-5 m high. It can be smooth or hairy. It can be a tree 9-20 m tall. It forms branches low down. The leaves are alternate and have 3 leaflets. The flowers are creamy-white. They have a sweet scent. The fruit are small round red berries. The fruit are edible.
Fruit red or orange turning red, 4–6 mm. in diam., subglobose in our area (sometimes ellipsoid elsewhere), sparsely pubescent to pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when mature, 1 coccus (rarely 2) developing.
Usually shrubs, sometimes small trees to 25 ft. high; flowers creamy-white in almost catkin-like racemes, sweet-scented; ripe fruits red.
Flowers white, cream, yellow or green, in few-flowered subsessile glomerules; pedicels up to 2 mm. long.
Outer sepals 1·8 × 1·8 mm., subcircular, inner 1·5 × 1 mm., elliptic, all glabrous to pubescent.
Small tree up to 10 m. tall or shrub; branchlets fulvous-tomentose to nearly glabrous.
Stamens with filaments 1·5 mm. long; staminodes 0·5 mm. long in male flowers.
Flowers creamy-white in almost catkin-like racemes, sweet-scented
Inflorescence 9–26 cm. long, branched, densely pubescent.
Usually shrubs, sometimes small trees to 25 ft. high
Ovary 2-lobed; style 1·8 mm. long, 2-fid.
Petals 1·2 × 0·9 mm., spathulate.
Ripe fruits red
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.06 - 9.0
Root system -
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Flower color
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows near the edges of forests and along stream banks. It is often on termite mounds. It grows on the north shore of Lake Malawi. In Zimbabwe it grows between 960-1,540 m above sea level.
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Especially in forest regrowth and margins, and in protected places in the savannah regions. (See Appendix, p. 330.)
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
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Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fleshy layer around the seeds is eaten.
Uses environmental use food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal social use
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Headache (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Taenifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Often self sown trees are transplanted.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Allophylus africanus unspecified picture

Distribution

Allophylus africanus world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Allophylus africanus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:781676-1
WFO ID wfo-0000526543
COL ID 668QC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ornitrophe tristachyos Schmidelia affinis Schmidelia rehmanniana Allophylus africanus Allophylus cataractarum Allophylus goetzeanus Allophylus holubii Allophylus mawambensis Allophylus melanocarpus Allophylus schweinfurthii Allophylus spragueanus Allophylus subcoriaceus Allophylus transvaalensis Allophylus africanus f. senegalensis Schmidelia leucocarpa Schmidelia melanocarpa Schmidelia africana Allophylus africanus f. acuminatus Allophylus africanus f. mawambensis Allophylus africanus f. subvelutinus Allophylus timboensis Azamara trifoliata

Lower taxons

Allophylus africanus var. griseotomentosus