Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.

Shellplant (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Zingiberales > Zingiberaceae > Alpinia

Characteristics

Pseudostems 2--3 m. Ligule 5--10 mm, abaxially hairy; petiole 1--1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 30--60 × 5--10 cm, glabrous except pubescent at margin, base attenuate, apex acuminate with a spiral mucro. Panicles drooping, to 30 cm, enclosed by 2 long sheaths when young; rachis purple-red, velvety; branches very short, 1-or 2(or 3)-flowered; bracteoles enclosing flower buds, white with pink apex, elliptic, 3--3.5 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 1--2 cm. Calyx white, subcampanulate, ca. 2 cm, split on 1 side, apex toothed. Corolla tube shorter than calyx; lobes milky white with pink apex, oblong, ca. 3 cm; central lobe larger than lateral ones. Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 2 mm. Labellum yellow with purple-red stripes, broadly ovate-spatulate, 4--6 cm, apex crisped. Stamen ca. 2.5 cm. Ovary golden yellow hirsute. Capsule vermilion, globose, ca. 2 cm in diam., ribbed, apex with persistent calyx. Seeds angled. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct. 2 n = 48*.
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A herb. The false stems are 2-3 m high. The leaf stalk is 1-1.5 cm long. The leaf blade is sword shaped and 30-60 cm long by 5-10 cm wide. They are hairy at the edge. They taper to the tip with a spiral point. The flowers droop. They are 30 cm long. They are enclosed by 2 long sheaths when young. There are 1 or 2 flowers. The capsules are bright red. It is about 2 cm across. It is ribbed. The seeds are angled.
Leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, (20--)33--67 ´ (3--)7.5--11 cm. Inflorescences drooping, 15--30 ´ 6--10 cm; stalks of cincinni 0.3--3 cm, bracteoles sheathing, white proximally, pink distally. Flowers: lip yellow with red penciling, perianth and staminodes otherwise white or pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. It needs regular moisture and humidity. It needs a fertile humus-rich, well drained soil. It grows as an understory plant with bright light. It grows in S China. In the Cairns Botanical Gardens. Melbourne Botanical gardens. It grows in hardiness zones 8-12.
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Shaded areas in open forest
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The pith of the young stem is eaten. The stems, leaves and flowers are boiled and eaten. The rhizome is used as a spice. The ripe fruit are eaten.
Uses environmental use fiber food gene source material medicinal spice
Edible flowers fruits leaves rhizomes roots stems
Therapeutic use Duodenal neoplasms (rhizome), Parasympatholytics (rhizome), Stomach neoplasms (rhizome), Ulcer (rhizome), Anti-bacterial agents (stem), Balsamic (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Indigestion (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by division of the clump. They can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Alpinia zerumbet habit picture by Chris Johnson (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Alpinia zerumbet leaf picture by Diana (cc-by-sa)
Alpinia zerumbet leaf picture by rob krause (cc-by-sa)
Alpinia zerumbet leaf picture by rob krause (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Alpinia zerumbet flower picture by Benayga Rodríguez (cc-by-sa)
Alpinia zerumbet flower picture by Acevedo Aida (cc-by-sa)
Alpinia zerumbet flower picture by Joni (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Alpinia zerumbet fruit picture by christiane Fazer (cc-by-sa)
Alpinia zerumbet fruit picture by Paul (cc-by-sa)
Alpinia zerumbet fruit picture by Paul (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Alpinia zerumbet world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Fiji, Honduras, Haiti, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796402-1
WFO ID wfo-0000338850
COL ID C6ZV
BDTFX ID 166593
INPN ID 447930
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Alpinia fimbriata Alpinia fluvitialis Alpinia schumanniana Costus zerumbet Languas schumanniana Languas speciosa Alpinia speciosa Catimbium nutans Catimbium speciosum Renealmia spectabilis Zerumbet speciosum Renealmia nutans Alpinia nutans var. longiramosa Amomum nutans Alpinia speciosa var. longiramosa Alpinia zerumbet