Alstonia spatulata Blume

Siamese balsa (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Alstonia

Characteristics

Tree 10-25 m high, 15-40 cm dbh, sometimes forming plank symmetrical buttresses up to 1.20 m high (bottle-shaped at the base known in New Guinea). Bark smooth, scaly or finely fissured and peeling off in square or rectangular flakes, pale to dark grey or almost black; inner bark white, creamy or pale yellow, with copious white latex. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4 (or 5); petiole 4-10(-15) mm long, flattened above, sometimes slightly winged; colleters deltoid in the axils, mostly not persistent; blade spathulate or obovate, 3-12 by 1.8-4.8 cm, 1.6-2.5(-3) times as long as wide, apex rounded, sometimes retuse, base obtuse, acute or decurrent onto the petiole, glabrous on both sides; 20-35(-40) pairs of secondary veins, straight, forming an angle of 70-80° with the midrib, 1.5-3(-4) mm from each other; tertiary venation admedial ramified, inconspicuous. Inflorescence 3-11 cm long, few (3-6)-flowered on each cluster; pedicels (2.5-)4-9 mm long, glabrous. Bracts and bracteoles sepal-like, ovate or triangular, up to 1(-1.7) mm long, acute, ciliate or not. Flowers fragrant. Sepals connate at the base for 0.2-0.4 mm, ovate, sometimes broadly ovate or subtriangular, (1.2-)1.5-2 by 1-1.6(-2) mm, erect, obtuse or rounded, ciliate, glabrous on both sides. Corolla lobes sinistrorse; white, yellow or cream, 14-15 mm long in the mature bud and forming a narrowly ovoid head, 6.5-7.5 by 2-3 mm (much wider than the corolla tube), glabrous outside; tube almost cylindrical, 7-8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide around the stamens; lobes elliptic, 6.7-11 by 3.5-6 mm, 1.4-2.1 times as long as wide, mostly undulate, pilose with white hairs at the base inside, not ciliate. Stamens inserted at 5-6.5 mm from the base; anthers ovate, 1-1.4 by 0.4-0.5 mm, obtuse. Pistil glabrous, 5.3-7 mm long; ovary ovoid or broadly ovoid, 0.8-1.5 by 0.9-1.5 mm, of 2 carpels, disk-like thickening absent; style 4.3-5.5 mm long; style head 0.7-0.8 mm high, with a short (sometimes robust) cleft stigmoid apical part c. 0.1(-0.2) mm high. Fruit a pair of follicles, 12-25 cm by 2.5-3 mm, glabrous. Seeds oblong, 5-6 by 1.6-2.2 mm, ends obtuse or rounded, glabrous with very minute reticulate structure on both surfaces, thickened margin distinct on the hilar side, longest cilia (12-)15-22 mm long, becoming shorter (rarely glabrous) at the margins.
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A tree. It grows 25 m high. The stem has white latex. The leaves are in rings. They are simple. The flowers are 14 mm across. They are white to yellow and have a scent. The fruit are dry pods 20 cm long. There are pairs. There are many small seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 22.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A sub-canopy tree, scattered on poorly drained, frequently flooded, clay-rich alluvium and on gley soils on undulating land, particularly near streams, usually at elevations below 300 metres. It is often abundant in secondary or shrub vegetation.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in forests upto 500 m above sea level. It is usually in swamps and along rivers.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesThe wood can be used for household items, carving and plywood. The root wood is light and can be used as a substitute for cork. The latex is used in medicine for sores and skin ailments.
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The gum is chewed like chewing gum.
Uses fuel gum material medicinal social use tea timber wood
Edible gums
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
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Germination luminosity -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Alstonia spatulata world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Alstonia spatulata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:76595-1
WFO ID wfo-0000953059
COL ID C8VM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Alstonia spatulata Alstonia cochinchinensis Alstonia cuneata