Amaryllis belladonna L.

March lily (en), Amaryllis (fr), Amaryllis belladonne (fr), Lys belladonne (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Amaryllis

Characteristics

Bulb 5-8 cm diam. contracted into a short neck, covered with a tough membranous tunic. Leaves 4-9, bifarious, produced in autumn and dying down after winter rains prior to next flowering, 30-45 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, slightly keeled and slightly folded upwards. Scape 30-45 cm tall, solid, slightly compressed, greyish-purple to reddish-brown and glaucous towards base, green above. Umbel usually 6-12-flowered, occasionally up to 16-flowered; pedicels 3-6 cm long in flower and elongating in fruit up to about 14 cm; spathe valves 2, purplish-red, 5-8 cm long. Perianth deep rose-pink to nearly white, lemon-yellow in throat, 7-11 cm long, more or less regular except for declinate stamens and style; tube about 1 cm long; segments 1-2-5 cm broad, the 3 outer slightly narrower or broader than the inner. Stamens and style shorter than the perianth. Capsule globose, membranous, dehiscing irregularly; seeds few, bulbiform.
More
Herb flowering before the leaves emerge. Leaves 6-10, linear, channelled, 30-45 cm long, 15-30 mm wide. Umbel with 2-12 flowers; spathe valves deltoid; scape stout, 30-70 cm long, to c. 1 cm wide; pedicels 2-6 cm long; bracteoles filiform, c. 3 cm long. Perianth segments broadly lanceolate, 5-10 cm long, fused basally for c. 1 cm, white to bright pink. Stamens slightly shorter than perianth; filaments attached at rim of perianth tube, declinate; anthers crescent-shaped, 4-5 mm long. Style filiform, ±equal to sepals; stigma 1-2 mm wide. Fruit loculicidal or dehiscing irregularly, 1-2 cm diam. Seeds globose.
Stout perennial. Bulb large, 6-12 cm diam., ovoid or globose. Leaves 6-10, distichous, produced after flowers, 20-40 × 2-3 cm, lorate, channelled. Scape 40-70 cm high, reddish, subcompressed, solid. Spathe-valves 2, persistent. Umbels 2-10-flowered; pedicels 3-6 cm long at flowering. Flowers large, c. 10 cm long, c. 7 cm diam., fragrant, white to deep pink, paler in throat, funnel-shaped, flowering from a short tube c. 1 cm long; segments recurved, acute. Stamens slightly < perianth, alternately long and short. Stigma capitate. Capsule globose, bursting irregularly. Seeds many, fleshy, green.
Perennial geophyte, up to 0.9 m high. Leaves 5-11, dry at flowering, spreading to suberect, lanceolate, 15-75 mm wide, channelled, hairless, midrib prominent. Flowers 6-12, in a ± 1-sided or evenly spreading cluster, trumpet-shaped, white to pink, usually pale lemon at base, fragrant, segments 80-100 mm long; stamens and style declinate. Flowering time Feb.-Apr.
Bulbous geophyte to 90 cm. Leaves 5-11, dry or absent at flowering, rosulate, suberect, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, channelled, midrib prominent. Flowers usually 6-12, often turned to 1 side, large, trumpet-shaped, pink to white, throat usually pale lemon, fragrant.
Umbel 6-12-flowered; perigone dark red or pink to white.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Contusions (bulb), Inflammation (bulb), Contusion (unspecified), Neck (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 70
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Amaryllis belladonna leaf picture by Emma Child (cc-by-sa)
Amaryllis belladonna leaf picture by Amandine Deligey (cc-by-sa)
Amaryllis belladonna leaf picture by Freitas Mariana (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Amaryllis belladonna flower picture by Alain Lagrave (cc-by-sa)
Amaryllis belladonna flower picture by Barbie (cc-by-sa)
Amaryllis belladonna flower picture by Rodriguez Gustavo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Amaryllis belladonna world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Cuba, Dominica, Haiti, New Zealand, Portugal, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:62705-1
WFO ID wfo-0000759455
COL ID CHJM
BDTFX ID 4046
INPN ID 82060
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Imhofia rosea Zephyranthes pudica Amaryllis longipetala Amaryllis obliqua Amaryllis pallida Amaryllis rosea Belladonna blanda Belladonna pallida Coburgia belladonna Coburgia blanda Coburgia pallida Coburgia pudica Coburgia rosea Amaryllis blanda Belladonna purpurascens Brunsvigia blanda Brunsvigia major Brunsvigia rosea Amaryllis pudica Belladonna pudica Callicore rosea Amaryllis regalis Brunsvigia rosea var. blanda Brunsvigia rosea var. elata Brunsvigia rosea var. longipetala Brunsvigia rosea var. major Brunsvigia rosea var. minor Brunsvigia rosea var. pallida Brunsvigia rosea var. pudica Amaryllis belladonna var. belladonna Brunsvigia rosea Leopoldia belladonna Amaryllis belladonna