Anacardium excelsum Skeels

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Anacardium

Characteristics

Tree 20-37 m high. Leaves aggregated toward the branch-tips, the petioles 7-21 mm long; blades usually obovate or broadly oblanceolate, less frequently oblong or ? elliptic, apically obtuse to rounded or slightly emarginate, basally cuneate and symmetric or asymmetric, glabrous or essentially so, 14-31 cm long, 5-12 cm broad, with prominulous to prominent reticulation on both surfaces. Panicles 15-35 cm long, with a brown or rufescent pubescence, the bracts reduced, 1-2.5 mm long. Flowers with pedicels 1-6 mm long; calyx-segments ovate, 1-3 mm long, crassulate except at the margins; petals linear-oblong, 3-6 mm long, 1-1.75 mm broad, cream or green, + adnate to the stamen-tube; stamens (7-)10(-12), 4 much longer than the rest and extending well beyond the point at which the petals become recurved, the filaments subulate, rather conspicuously pubescent except on the extreme distal portion; ovary 0.2-0.5 mm long. Hypocarp 5-20 mm long, thickening to a breadth of 2-3 mm, twisted or sigmoid. Nut 2.5-3.5 cm long when ripe, 1-2 cm broad.
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A large tree. It grows 40 m tall. The trunk is 2 m across. The leaves are simple and alternate and in clusters. The leaves are 30 cm long. They are rounded and wider towards the tip. The flowers are in clusters. They are greenish-white but turn pink. The fruit (nuts) are green and kidney shaped. They are 3-4 cm long. The fruit stem is spiral shaped and fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 25.0 - 33.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tree of secondary forest and disturbed areas, especially frequent along the sides of streams and sometimes forming pure stands. Young plants are seldom found in mature woodland, needing sunlight to thrive.
More
A tropical plant. In Costa Rica it grows from sea level to 900 m altitude. It is often along streams in dry and open areas.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seed is roasted and eaten. Caution: The flesh of the fruit is caustic. The fruit can be eaten and used for drinks.
Uses bee plant environmental use fiber food invertebrate food material medicinal wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from fresh seeds. Seeds usually do not germinate in shade.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Anacardium excelsum habit picture by Venegas-Elizondo Carlos (cc-by-sa)
Anacardium excelsum habit picture by Venegas-Elizondo Carlos (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Anacardium excelsum leaf picture by Venegas-Elizondo Carlos (cc-by-sa)
Anacardium excelsum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Anacardium excelsum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Anacardium excelsum flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Anacardium excelsum flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Anacardium excelsum flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Anacardium excelsum world distribution map, present in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:12224-2
WFO ID wfo-0000533054
COL ID DB63
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anacardium excelsum Rhinocarpus excelsa Anacardium rhinocarpus