Anacardium L.

Anacardium (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae

Characteristics

Trees or shrubs. Leaves spiral or alternate, simple, petioled. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils, paniculate or sometimes corymbose. Flowers unisexual (♂) or bisexual (plants polygamous). Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, imbricate, puberulous on both surfaces. Stamens 7-10, unequal, 1 (rarely 2) much stouter and longer, the rest reduced, smaller, all fertile, sometimes some of them imperfect or sterile; filaments subulate, basally connate into a short tube, puberulous with minute glandular hairs; anthers basifixed, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid. Disk none. Ovary slightly obovoid, glabrous, 1-celled and 1-ovuled, abortive and rudimentary in ♂; style filiform; stigma obscure. Drupe 1-celled, on a fleshy, pyriform hypocarp (enlarged receptacle and pedicel). Seed with testa free from endocarp; embryo reniform, cotyledons free, plano-convex.
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Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves short-petiolate; blades simple, entire, coriace-ous. Poarnicles large, terminal. Flowers small, a, bracteate, the pedicels accrescent in fruit; calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricate in bud; petals 5, recurved, imbricate in bud; stamens (7-) 10(-12), unequal, all or a few or only 1 fertile, the filaments basally connate and adnate to the torus; disc or nectariferous outgrowths lacking; ovary subglobose to turbinate or obovate, somewhat gibbous, 1-celled, 1-ovulate, the ovule lateral, ascending on a very short funicle, the style compressed-conic, excentric, as long or slightly longer than the ovary. Nut rather large, reniform, laterally compressed, virtually filled by the solitary reniform seed, borne at the apex of a fleshy hypocarp (the accrescent pedicel).
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, sessile or petiolate, generally oblong-obovate, entire, coriaceous. Flowers in corymbose terminal or subterminal panicles, poygamo-dioecious. Sepals 5, imbricate, slightly connate at the base. Petals 5, imbricate, eflexed, caducous. Stamens 7–10, l(–2) fertile, the rest sterile (staminodes), unequal in length; filaments connate at the base; anthers dorsifixed. Disk absent. Ovary free, sessile, obovoid or obcordate, unilocular, with the ovule ascendent; style 1, with a capitate stigma. Fruit obliquely reniform, compressed, on the swollen pedicel; mesocarp oleaginous. Seeds reniform with thick cotyledons.
Evergreen trees or shrubs, andro-monoecious with functionally staminate and bisexual flowers in same inflorescence. Leaves petiolate, simple; leaf blade margin entire. Panicle terminal, frondo-bracteate with numerous branches. Calyx 5-parted, cup-shaped with pointed lobes. Petals 5, recurved at anthesis. Stamens 7-10, usually 1(or 2) noticeably larger; filament fused basally; anther broadly ellipsoid. Disk lacking. Ovary obovoid, asymmetrical, 1-locular and 1-ovulate; style 1, lateral, linear. Pedicel enlarging after anthesis into a fleshy hypocarp bearing fruit; fruit a nutlike glabrous drupe with bony endocarp.
Ovary free, sessile, obovoid or obcordate, 1-locular, with the ovule ascendent; style 1, with a capitate stigma.
Stamens 7–10, unequal, 1(2) fertile, the others sterile; filaments connate at the base; anthers dorsifixed.
Leaves alternate, sessile or petiolate, simple, entire, coriaceous, generally oblong-obovate.
Fruit ± obliquely reniform, compressed, on the swollen pedicel; mesocarp oleaginous.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in corymbose terminal or subterminal panicles.
Sepals 5, imbricate, slightly connate at the base.
Petals 5, imbricate, reflexed, caducous.
Seeds reniform with thick cotyledons.
Shrubs or trees.
Disk absent.
Pending.
Life form perennial
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Foliage retention evergreen
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. The fruits of A. occidentale are the source of cashew nuts; the fleshy pear-shaped hypocarp known as cashew apple is also edible.
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Cultivation

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