Andropogon gayanus Kunth

Bluestem (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Andropogon

Characteristics

Robust, tufted perennial 1 200-3600 mm high; glabrous, glaucous; basal sheaths not keeled; leaves usually cauline; culms branched above. Leaf blade to 600 x 5-20 mm, base narrow, petiole-like, reduced to midrib; ligule a fringed membrane, back without long hairs. Inflorescence of 2 racemes per spatheole; pedicel and internode ± clavate, inflated, apex lobed, both margins hairy, hairs to ±4 mm long; callus hairs protruding at internode apex. Sessile spikelet 6.0-7.5(8.5) mm long; glumes lack pits between nerves; lower glume broad, flat but with a narrow shallow to deep central groove, wingless, apex not toothed, awnless, scabrid towards apex, glabrous, shortly hairy or long hairy on margins, keels scabrid; upper glume convex, mucronate; upper lemma deeply bilobed, awn 10-32 mm long, geniculate; callus short, broad, obtuse; anthers 2.2-5.0 mm long. Pedicellate spikelet 5-8 mm long; lower glume glabrous or hairy; mucronate or awned, awn up to 4.5 mm long, appears ribbed due to many nerves equidistant from each other on back.
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Tall tufted perennial; culms 1.5–2.5 m. high.. Leaf-blades variable, up to 60 cm. long, 4–20 mm. wide, often narrowed to the midrib at the base and sometimes falsely petiolate, commonly with an external ligule (a membranous rim at junction between sheath and blade on the abaxial side).. Inflorescence of paired racemes gathered into a large leafy false panicle; racemes 4–9 cm. long; internodes and pedicels cuneate, ciliate on 1 or both sides, the pedicel ± bilobed at the tip.. Sessile spikelet 5–8 mm. long, including a shortly oblong callus ± 1 mm. long; lower glume narrowly oblong, ± flat on the back with many nerves between the lateral keels and a conspicuous median groove, glabrous, wingless; upper glume muticous or mucronate; upper lemma deeply bilobed, with an awn 10–30 mm. long.. Pedicelled spikelet narrowly elliptic, 5–8 mm. long, the lower (sometimes also the upper) glume bearing an awn 1–10 mm. long.. Fig. 180/4, p. 769.
Leaf sheaths occasionally woolly below; ligule a very short (c. 2 mm) minutely fringed membrane, the leaves often with small protuberances or a second ligule present abaxially to the ligule; laminas 20–50(80) cm × 4–22 mm, reduced to the midrib and petiole-like at the base, gradually much expanded above, folded or flat, tapering to a fine point at the apex, this often with minute dense white hairs.
Racemes in pairs, 4–10 cm long, clearly exserted from the spatheole, silvery with white hairs; peduncles longer than the racemes; internodes and pedicels clavate, ciliate with hairs c. 4 mm long on both margins, bilobed at the apex, the lobes c. 2 mm long.
Sessile spikelet 6.5–8.5 mm long; inferior glume with a shallow median groove, glabrous or with short hairs; superior glume convex on the back; superior lemma bifid in the upper 1/4; awn geniculate, 13–32 mm long; anthers 3–5 mm long, straw-coloured.
A grass that keeps growing from year to year. It forms tussocks. It grows 1.3 m high. The leaves can be woolly below. The grass has a blue-green colour. There are several varieties.
Pedicelled spikelet male, 5–7.5 mm long; inferior glume mucronate or with an awn up to 3.5 mm long.
Caespitose perennial; culms up to 350 cm high, erect, branched above, glaucous.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows naturally on clayey and sandy soils. In Swaziland it is rare and in the low veld only. It grows between 400-1,500 m altitude. It can tolerate frost. It often grows over limestone materials. It can grow in acid, neutral and alkaline soils. It can tolerate shade and drought. It can grow in arid places.
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Open woodland and savannah.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seeds are eaten raw or cooked.
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food material medicinal social use
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Andropogon gayanus unspecified picture

Distribution

Andropogon gayanus world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cabo Verde, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Philippines, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:387915-1
WFO ID wfo-0000846619
COL ID 5V257
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 770887
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Andropogon gayanus Sorghum gayanum Andropogon gayanus var. aquamulatus

Lower taxons

Andropogon gayanus var. bisquamulatus Andropogon gayanus var. polycladus Andropogon gayanus var. tridentatus Andropogon gayanus var. gayanus