Annona glabra L.

Cherimoyer (en), Annone des marais (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Annonaceae > Annona

Characteristics

Trees to 12 m tall, evergreen. Branches glabrous, lenticellate. Axillary leaf buds ovoid, fulvous pubescent, apex obtuse. Petiole 0.8-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic-ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 6-20 × 3-8 cm, papery to thinly leathery, glabrous at maturity, secondary veins 7-12 on each side of midvein and forming a ca. 60° angle with midvein, secondary and reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces when dry, base obtuse to rounded and slightly decurrent onto petiole, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences internodal or terminal on a short branchlet, 1-flowered. Flower buds ovoid to subglobose. Pedicel 1.5-2 cm, glabrous. Sepals broadly ovate, 3-4 × 3-4 mm, free, glabrous. Outer petals greenish yellow to pale yellow and inside basally with a red spot, broadly ovate, 1.5-3 × 1.3-2.5 cm, outside glabrous, inside minutely puberulent, apex obtuse; inner petals outside yellow, inside carmine, 1.2-2.5 × 0.7-1.5 cm, minutely puberulent. Stamens oblong, 3-4 mm; connectives apically slightly convex. Carpels connate at anthesis, glabrous. Syncarp yellow to orange, ovoid, 5-12 × 5-8 cm, smooth, apex rounded. Seeds pale reddish brown, 1.3-1.5 cm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
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Shrubs or trees , to ca. 15 m; trunks commonly buttressed at base. Principal leaves late deciduous; petiole 10-20mm. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 5-15 × 6(-8) cm, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute to short-acuminate; surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences from leaf axils on new shoots, solitary flowers; peduncle stout, linear, club-shaped, to 2cm, becoming enlarged. Flowers: sepals reniform-cordate, 5-6 mm, glabrous; outer petals cream-white, ovate-cordate, adaxially concave, 2.5-3 cm, apex acute; inner petals cream-white, inside base deep purple, oblong-ovate, 2-2.5 cm, base cupped, incurved-cuneate, at least 2×3 length of outer petals, corrugate; stamens linear, 3-4 mm; connective thickened above anther tip; pistils conically massed, connate. Syncarp pendulous on thickened peduncle, dull yellow blotched with brown, ± ovoid, 5-12 cm, smooth with reticulate pattern formed by pistil boundaries. Seed ellipsoid to obovoid, 1-1.5 cm. 2 n =28.
A tree up to 10 metres high; branchlets very soon glabrous. Leaves on petioles 1.0-1.5(-2.5) cm. long, rather thin, pale green, ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rotundate or acute and decurrent at the base, shortly acute or rarely obtuse at the apex, 7-14 cm. long and 3-8 cm. broad; network of veins dense and nicely prominent on both sides. Flowers solitary, issuing from about the middle of the internodes below the leaves; pedicels 1.5-2.0 cm. long, glabrous. Sepals rotundate, apiculate, 3-5 mm. long. Petals glabrous on outside, the outer ovate, 2.5-3.0(-4.0) cm. long, the inner a little smaller. Stamens 3-4 mm. long, connective disk broad, papillose but not setose. Fruit globose-ovoid, rounded at the top, 7-12 cm. long, smooth, areoles hardly obvious.
Tree to 10 m high. Axillary buds ovoid, obtuse, pubescent; shoots glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 9–18 mm long; lamina elliptic or ovate, 7–15 cm long, 3–8 cm wide, obtuse or shortly decurrent at base, acuminate at apex, glabrous; secondary veins 8–12 pairs. Flowers solitary, internodal or terminal; pedicel 15–20 mm long. Sepals very broadly to depressed ovate, 3–4 mm long and wide, acuminate. Petals 6, broadly ovate, greenish yellow. Outer petals 15–30 mm long, 13–25 mm wide, puberulous inside. Inner petals 12–25 mm long, 7–15 mm wide, puberulous, red inside. Stamens 3–4 mm long. Carpels connate. Syncarpium ovoid, 5–12 cm long, 5–8 cm wide, smooth, dull brownish yellow. Seeds 13–15 mm long, 9–10 mm wide.
A small to medium sized tree. It grows 6-12 m high. The leaves are simple and 6-25 cm long. They are alternate. They vary in size. The flowers occur singly. The fruit is large and yellow. It is 70-80 mm across. They occur single in the axils of leaves. There are several seeds inside. These are about 12 mm long. The flesh is orange when ripe and edible.
Fruits smooth, yellowish when ripe.
A small tree or shrub
Flower white
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.5 - 11.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in a range of tropical countries. It is widely cultivated between 100-200 m altitude in southern China. In Colombia it grows between sea level and 200 m above sea level. It suits the humid lowlands and grows in the mangrove swamps. It can grow in arid places. It can tolerate salt soils. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Recorded from swampy areas, rainforest, mangrove margins, swamp forest, Melaleuca wetland, beside creeks, river flats, freshwater springs near beach, coastal dunes, near settlement.
Humid lowland areas, usually near the coast, and coastal mangrove swamps.
Of coastal marshes
Light 2-3
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 5-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Introduced to Australia as a root stock (for grafting) for the Custard Apple. The fruit is reported to be edible but is insipid.
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The fruit are used for jellies and eaten raw. The flavour can be improved by boiling. The fruit is often used for juice.
Uses afforestation animal food environmental use fiber fishing food forage gene source insecticide material medicinal poison rootstock wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antifungal agents (bark), Insecticides (bark), Nasopharyngeal neoplasms (bark), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Nasopharyngeal neoplasms (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seeds should be planted fresh and are best scratched to break the hard seed coat. Seeds germinate in 50-60 days. Seedlings can be transplanted after 7-8 months.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Annona glabra habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Annona glabra habit picture by Mélanie Herteman (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Annona glabra leaf picture by Michele Nedrick (cc-by-sa)
Annona glabra leaf picture by hope ebert (cc-by-sa)
Annona glabra leaf picture by Hoffmeister Eliane (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Annona glabra flower picture by thomas wolf (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Annona glabra fruit picture by Lemaire Romain (cc-by-sa)
Annona glabra fruit picture by Gabriel Guimarães Gabriel (cc-by-sa)
Annona glabra fruit picture by christiane Fazer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Annona glabra world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, China, India, Panama, and United States of America

Conservation status

Annona glabra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:72208-1
WFO ID wfo-0000537770
COL ID 5V4BL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446898
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Asimina arborea Cassia ketschta Annona klainei Annona laurifolia Annona palustris Annona peruviana Annona klainii Guanabanus palustris Annona australis Annona uliginosa Annona chrysocarpa Annona palustris var. grandifolia Annona klainii var. moandensis Annona glabra