Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis

Heartleaf madeiravine (en), Boussingaultie (fr), Boussingaultie à feuilles en cœur (fr), Anrédère à feuilles en cœur (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Basellaceae > Anredera

Characteristics

Stems twining to 5 m, often producing single or clustered axillary tubers. Leaves: petiole 6-12 mm; blade ovate to orbicular, 2-10 × 1-7 cm, base of larger leaf blades proximal to inflorescences cordate, base of small distal leaf blades tapering, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences racemes or in branched panicles of racemes, 10-35(-60) cm; single bract subtending each pedicel triangular-lanceolate, 1-2 × 0.3-0.4 mm; paired bracts subtending each flower persistent, triangular to obtuse, 0.6-1 × 0.5-0.6 mm, basally connate into cup. Flowers bisexual, usually functionally staminate; sepals basally adnate to petals, cream-white, not winged in fruit, ovate to elliptic, 1.2-2.3 × 1.1-2 mm, apex obtuse; petals basally connate, cream-white, ovate to elliptic, 2.1-3 × 1.4-2 mm, apex obtuse, spreading at anthesis; stamens fleshy; filaments basally connate and dilated, 1.9-3.5 mm; anthers early deciduous, 0.7-0.9 mm; pistils 0.4-0.6 mm; styles 1-1.5 mm, basally connate for 1/2-2/3 their length; stigmas clavate to capitate; pedicel 1-3 mm. Utricles rarely producing viable seeds, style bases persistent, globose, 0.8-1.1 mm. 2n = 24.
More
Annual shoots up to 6 m; rhizome thick and hardy. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, subcordate, acute or blunt, thin-fleshy, 1-11 by ¾-8 cm, producing small axillary tubercles (BAILEY). Racemes simple or split into 2-4 branches with a thin, rich-flowered rhachis, incl. the peduncle 4-30 cm. Bracts narrow, at most as long as the pedicels, persistent. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm, re-ceptacular tip cup-shaped by 2 persistent, broad-triangular, acute, hyaline lower bracteoles. Upper pair of bracteoles greenish-white, shorter than the perianth, convex in bud, later flattening, broad-elliptic to suborbicular, c. 1.25-2 by 1-1.5 mm. Perianth fragrant, white, nigrescent, patent in anthesis, c. 3.5-6 mm diam., segments ovate-oblong to elliptic, blunt, 1 1/3-3 by 1-2 mm, hardly longer than the stamens and pistil. Stamens white, filaments in bud sharply reflexed at the apex, in anthesis spreading. Style white, but split to various degree into 3 stigmatic arms, each with 1 (rarely 2) club-shaped or broad-elliptic stigmas. Fruit unknown.
Twining vine, with root-crown tuber, and often developing aerial tubers from leaf axils. Aerial stems usually less than 10 m long but recorded to 40 m. Leaves alternate; lamina ovate or broadly ovate to cordate, 2–15 cm long, 1–12 cm wide, cordate at base, entire, acute to obtuse or sometimes shortly acuminate or emarginate at apex, ± fleshy to succulent, glossy above, glabrous; petiole 0.5–2 cm long. Racemes pendulous, 6–25 (–30) cm long; flowers numerous, sweet-scented. Pedicels 3–4 mm long; bracts subulate to narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm long. Tepals ovate or ovate-oblong to elliptic, obtuse, c. 2–3 mm long, spreading, white to cream. Stamens 2–2.5 mm long, ascending, strongly divergent; filaments c. 1 mm wide at base, tapering to anther. Style shallowly or deeply trifid; stigmas ± clavate. Fruit an indehiscent, subglobular capsule. Seed 1, globular, smooth (fruit and seed-set uncommon in Australia).
Vines twining, with thick, hardy rhizome. Leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade ovate to subcordate, 2-6 × 0.5-5.5 cm, thinly fleshy, base rounded or cordate, apex acute, producing small axillary tubercles (bulbils). Racemes many flowered; rachis pendent, thin, 7-25 cm. Bracts not longer than pedicel, narrow, persistent. Pedicel 2-3 mm, receptacular tip cupular, flowers shed from here. Lower bracteoles broadly triangular, hyaline, apex acute, persistent; upper bracteoles greenish white, flattened, orbicular to broadly elliptic, shorter than perianth. Flowers ca. 5 mm in diam., fragrant. Perianth white, inflexed, patent in anthesis; segments ovate or oblong to elliptic, 3 × 2 mm, apex blunt. Stamens white; filaments reflexed at apex in bud, spreading in anthesis. Style white, split to 3 stigmatic arms, each with 1 club-shaped or broadly elliptic stigma. Utricle and seed not seen. Fl. Jun-Oct.
Stems climbing, slender and often reddish. Lvs subsessile or with petiole to 1-(2) cm long, commonly with small irregular tubers in their axils. Lamina 2-11-(13) × 1.75-10-(11) cm, broadly ovate, often involute, scarcely succulent to succulent according to degree of exposure, shining; base subcordate or cordate; apex obtuse. Racemes simple or 2-4-branched, pendent, to c. 18 cm long excluding common peduncle, with numerous small, white, fragrant fls. Pedicels 2-3 mm long; bracts 1.5-1.8 mm long, lanceolate-subulate. Lower bracteoles 0.5-1 mm long, cupulate; upper bracteoles c. 2-2.5 mm long, suborbicular. Tepals 2-3 mm long, elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic. Filaments narrow-triangular, widely divergent, bending outwards near base. Style 1, < stamens; branches 1/2-3/4 length of fused part; stigmas clavate.
A climber or vine. The stems are 3-7 m long. It has aerial potato like tubers along the stem. They are 1-3 cm long. The leaves are small, fleshy and closely arranged. They are simple and 3-15 cm long by 2-10 cm wide. The leaf stalks are 5-15 cm long. The flowers are small, white and fragrant. The are in racemes in the axils of leaves. The flowers are about 6 mm across. They are white with green or white bracts. They have a scent. The fruit is a nut about 1 mm across.
Perennial climber, succulent, 1.5-8.0 m high; much branched, stems semi-succulent, drapes itself over other plants. Leaves semi-succulent, bright glossy green. Inflorescences spikes, ± 300 mm long. Flowers ± 5 mm in diam., white, showy, fragrant. Stigma 3-cleft, style division varies. Fruit none, reproducing from aerial tubers; tubers produced in leaf axils which later drop to the ground.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 8.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Disturbed areas, usually establishing in new areas from stem fragments and aerial tubers often in garden waste. The aerial tubers readily break off and fragment, sprouting rapidly in moist shady microsites. Young vines rapidly climb over shrubs, rock outcrops, and small (and sometimes large) trees. Often favours high light-level patches in moist vegetation types, e.g. margins and canopy breaks in rainforest, streamside gallery forest, creek embankments. Very persistent once established.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in South China. It becomes invasive in warm, moist climates. It needs light well-drained soil. In tropical Queensland it grows from sea level to 720 m altitude. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,000 m above sea level. It is damaged by drought and frost. Tasmania Herbarium. It grows in Sichuan.
According to BAILEY the underground parts are hardy. No fruit has ever been found and it can be propagated vegetatively by small tubercles found in the axils of the leaves. In Guatamala reported up to 2300 m.
Naturalized in Texas, California and Florida in southern N. America where it grows in disturbed areas, fencerows and roadsides from sea level to 500 metres.
Naturalized in Texas, California and Florida in southern N. America where it grows in disturbed areas, fencerows and roadsides from sea level to 500 metres.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

Originally introduced as an ornamental and screening vine (climbing trellises, fences and over other structures), now strongly discouraged for those purposes in all Australian jurisdictions. Used for a variety of folk-medicinal purposes around the world, with limited investigation of scientific medicinal uses (see e.g. Vivian-Smith et al. 2007, Walters et al. 2011).
More
The leaves can be eaten raw in salads or used as a potherb or prepared with sesame oil and soy sauce. The tubers are boiled and eaten.
Uses eating environmental use food leaf vegetable medicinal oil ornamental potherb
Edible leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can reproduce from small tubers along the stems. It can be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Anredera cordifolia habit picture by J Leonardo Sánchez Fernández (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia habit picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia habit picture by laurent boniface (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Anredera cordifolia leaf picture by Nikita Bahiense (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia leaf picture by Sonia Neto (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia leaf picture by Jordan Galli (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Anredera cordifolia flower picture by Nikita Bahiense (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia flower picture by ortega xavier (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia flower picture by Maryvone Modenel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Anredera cordifolia fruit picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia fruit picture by Nathalie Potel (cc-by-sa)
Anredera cordifolia fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Anredera cordifolia world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Spain, France, Greece, Croatia, Lesotho, Morocco, Mexico, Malta, Mauritius, Malaysia, Niue, Nepal, New Zealand, Peru, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, eSwatini, Thailand, Uruguay, United States of America, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:14549-2
WFO ID wfo-0000822997
COL ID 679VM
BDTFX ID 4999
INPN ID 446987
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Boussingaultia cordata Boussingaultia cordifolia Boussingaultia gracilis Boussingaultia gracilis f. pseudobaselloides Anredera cordifolia subsp. gracilis Boussingaultia gracilis var. pseudobaselloides Anredera cordifolia