Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Gentianaceae > Anthocleista

Characteristics

Tree, from about 6-30 m tall, unarmed, stem straight, branched high up. Leaves clustered at the ends of the branchlets, in dried plants membranous, very large, 13-95 cm long and 6-35 cm broad in the upper half, obovate-oblong, broadly rounded at the apex, narrowing towards the base in the lower half, base cuneate or rounded, midrib thick, prominent, especially on the lower surface, lateral veins fairly thick at the base and prominent on both sides becoming thin to faint towards the margin, tertiary veins faint but visible; margins entire or minutely and unevenly crenulate or crisped, with a very thin cartilaginous rim; petiole 0 or up to 6 cm long, dilated at the base, opposite bases often ocreate or with at least an interjoining line. Inflorescence a trichotomously branched cymose panicle, terminal and in the axils of the two upper pairs of leaves, branches thick, longitudinally ridged and reticulate, the skin sometimes peeling in somewhat rectangular sections. Bracts coriaceous, joined at the base, usually ocreate. Calyx glabrous within and without, lobed almost to the base; lobes 4, coriaceous but thin in a narrow border round the margin, especially on the inner segments, oblong-orbicular, up to about 11 mm long and 9 mm broad, the 2 outer ultimately widely spreading, persistent, rugose dorsally. Corolla white or cream, 'firmly fleshy'; tube cylindric widening slightly towards the mouth, up to about 3.5 cm long; lobes contorted in bud, varying from about 8-13, more or less linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, shorter than to about as long as the tube, spreading. Stamens inserted in the throat, filaments united at the base to form a ring about 2 mm deep; anthers sagittate, erect about 1 cm long, connective thick, brown, narrowing towards the apex, cells parallel. Ovary inserted on a fleshy disc, narrowly oblong, slightly narrowed at base and apex, about 1 cm long, 4-celled, ovules many embedded in the thick placentas; style long, eventually exserted; stigma terminal, large, subcapitate, 2-lobed. Fruit green drying brown pericarp leathery, rugose in dried specimens, ovoid-globose, more or less 3 cm long and 2 cm diam., narrowing to the base and apex, shortly stipitate, umbonate at apex.
More
Leaves sessile, those of larger trees sometimes petiolate; lamina medium to dark green above, paler beneath, when dry greenish, medium to dark brown, paler beneath, brittle, often thinly papyraceous to coriaceous, narrowly or very narrowly obovate, in young plants usually narrower, 1·75–3·5 (in young plants up to 5) times as long as wide, 15–70 x 7–25 cm., up to 135 x 50 cm. in young plants or low–levelled branches, narrowed to the auricles or long–decurrent into the petiole; veins conspicuous; margin not recurved.
An evergreen tree. It grows 35 m high. The trunk is straight. The leaves are very large and clustered near the ends of the branches. They are 45 cm long by 20 cm wide. The leaf scars form large rings on the stems. The flowers are in branched clusters near the ends of branches. The flowers are trumpet shaped and the petals are curled back. They are creamy-white with a green tube. The fruit is fleshy and almost round and smooth.
Corolla in the young bud rounded or tapering, in the mature bud 5–10 as long as the calyx, 35–60(70) mm. long, tapering at the apex, white, the limb paler than the tube which is slightly greenish outside; tube 3·8–6·5 x as long as the calyx, 1·25–2·5 x as long as the lobes; lobes 11–13, very narrowly elliptic, spreading or recurved.
Sepals green, rounded, usually spreading when dry, the outer ones circular or broadly ovate, 5–8 x 5–8 mm., when dry rugulose outside and often pointed, the inner ones usually slightly larger.
Tree, 6-30 m high. Stem straight, branched high up. Lfeaves clustered at ends of branchlets, very large: 130-950 x 60-350 mm. Flowers white or cream.
Berry ellipsoid, when dry irregularly shrivelled, conspicuously rugulose, acuminate.
Tree, 5–35 m. high, unarmed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 30.0
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows in upland areas. It grows along the edges of rivers. In Malawi it grows between 600-1,800 m altitude. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

A tea is made from the bitter tasting leaves.
Uses environmental use food fuel material medicinal tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
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Images

Habit

Anthocleista grandiflora habit picture by Hubert Mostert (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Anthocleista grandiflora leaf picture by Hubert Mostert (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Anthocleista grandiflora world distribution map, present in Central African Republic, Cameroon, Comoros, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Mayotte, Namibia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545611-1
WFO ID wfo-0000538477
COL ID 5VBWZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807199
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anthocleista grandiflora Anthocleista pulcherrima Anthocleista insignis Anthocleista keniensis Anthocleista orientalis Anthocleista scheffleri Anthocleista zambesiaca