Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.

Cow parsley (en), Cerfeuil sauvage (fr), Persil des bois (fr), Anthrisque sylvestre (fr), Cerfeuil des bois (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Anthriscus

Characteristics

Erect, strong-growing perennial, 0.6–1.5(–l.8) m., with a ± incrassate, subtuberous rootstock propagating by offsets.. Stem fistular, striate to sulcate, glabrous throughout or ± pubescent below, shrinking below the nodes when dry, much-branched with branches alternate or several arising from the same point.. Leaves 2–3 to sub-4-pinnate, delicate and fern-like; lower leaves deltoid in outline, the lamina ± 6–30 × 5–25 cm., with toothed, lanceolate to ovate, acute to rather blunt segments 1–4 mm. wide, furnished with white substrigose hairs on the venation (especially beneath) to subglabrous; lamina with a long, acuminate, pinnatipartite apex and pointed apical segment or blunter with the apical segment trifid; sheaths ± 2–4.5 cm., oblong, striate, glabrous to ciliate or tomentose, broadly membranous-margined, auriculate above; petiole long, ± 7–16 cm., glabrous or it and the rhachis white-pilose especially between the pinnae and pinnules; upper leaves becoming smaller, more shortly petiolate and finally sessile, less divided.. Umbels on ± 1.5–6 cm. peduncles; rays (3–)4–12, glabrous, ± 0.5–3.5 cm.; involucre absent or very rarely a single small oblong bract present; partial umbels 5–12-flowered; pedicels 3–8 mm. with a ring of bristles at the top; 2–9 flowers bearing fruit; involucel of mostly 5–6 oblong-obovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, finally deflexed, finely ciliate, pale-margined bracteoles 3–10 mm. long.. Calyx absent.. Outer petals somewhat radiant, 2–3 mm., notched above, inner ± half the length.. Fruit narrowly oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, ± 6–9 × 2 mm., with an indistinct grooved beak slightly 3-angled dorsally, glabrous and shining or covered with antrorse, tuberculate-based bristles; stylopodia shortly conical, exceeded by the rather slender ± 1 mm. styles.
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Plants 0.6–1.5 m high. Stem stout, glabrous or lower parts finely pubescent. Basal leaves long-petiolate; petioles 10–30 cm, sheaths ca. 4 × 1 cm; blade ovate in outline, 10–30 cm; primary pinnae long-petiolulate, ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4–12 × 2–8 cm; ultimate segments ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1–3 × 0.5–1.5 cm, serrate or toothed, abaxially sparsely pubescent. Upper cauline leaves subsessile. Umbels 2.5–8 cm wide; rays 4–15, unequal; bracteoles 5–8, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than pedicels, pedicel apex usually surrounded by white bristles in fruit. Styles ca. 2 × as long as stylopodium. Fruit 5–10 × 1–1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–May.
Perennial herb, 0.6-1.8 m high. Leaves bipinnate, tripinnate or sometimes 4-pinnate, fern-like; segments lanceolate to acuminate, toothed, glabrous or somewhat hairy. Flowers in sparse, terminal, compound umbels; involucre small or usually absent. Rays ± 8. Calyx absent. Petals notched, white. Flowering time Nov.-Feb. Fruit narrowly oblong, slightly 3-angled dorsally, glabrous and shiny at maturity. Seeds semi-terete and grooved on face.
A small plant. It grows 60-150 cm high. It spreads 40-60 cm wide. It forms clumps. The leaves are fine and feather like. They are divided 3 times. The leaves are 15-30 cm long. They are deep green. The flowers are white. Caution: Don't mistake this plant for the poisonous hemlock Conium maculatum.
Freely branched biennial or short-lived perennial to 1 m; lf-segments 1.5–5 cm; umbels large, with 6–15 rays to 4 cm; bractlets lance-ovate, 3–6 mm; fr glabrous, lanceolate, 6 mm, the beak 1 mm; 2n=16. Native of Europe, occasionally found as a weed in our range. May–July.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A very common plant of roadsides, hedges etc. Floodplain meadows, willow woods, fruit gardens, parks, ravines, gorges, thinned-out forests, groves.
More
It is a temperate plant. In China it grows from sea level to 4,500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

CAUTION: It is reported to cause abortions. The young leaves are eaten as a pot herb. It is also dried and stored for later use. Small quantities are used for seasoning. The stalks are also peeled and used. They are also pickled. The shoots are used as a spice in cheese. The roots are eaten.
Uses dye food gene source material medicinal poison seasoning spice
Edible flowers leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Cardiovascular system (root), Corn (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (whole plant), Appetite stimulants (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant)
Human toxicity phototoxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from fresh seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 9 - 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Anthriscus sylvestris habit picture by Chris Georges (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris habit picture by tereseta (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris habit picture by Laura Abby (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Anthriscus sylvestris leaf picture by T F (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf picture by Anne Maugé (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris leaf picture by Valérie FORESTI (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Anthriscus sylvestris flower picture by Jaak Pärtel (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris flower picture by Irène MARIETTE (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris flower picture by gourdeu (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Anthriscus sylvestris fruit picture by yvon s (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris fruit picture by Sylvie RC (cc-by-sa)
Anthriscus sylvestris fruit picture by Pietro Brignoli (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Anthriscus sylvestris world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837969-1
WFO ID wfo-0000538692
COL ID 67HWS
BDTFX ID 5290
INPN ID 82952
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Myrrhis chaerophyllea Myrrhis torquata Chaerophyllum ateanum Chaerophyllum cadonense Chaerophyllum ghilanicum Chaerophyllum infestum Scandix sylvestris Anthriscus candollei Carum sylvestre Anthriscus alpina Anthriscus chaerophyllea Anthriscus elatior Anthriscus intermedia Anthriscus laevigata Anthriscus procera Anthriscus sylvestris Anthriscus torquata Anthriscus yunnanensis Cerefolium sylvestre Cerefolium tenuifolium Chaerefolium silvestre Chaerophyllum affine Chaerophyllum alpinum Chaerophyllum angulatum Chaerophyllum lactescens Chaerophyllum sylvestre Chaerophyllum tumidum Peucedanum dissectum Myrrhis chaerophylloides Ptychotis sylvestris Oreochorte yunnanensis Myrrhis sylvestris Caucalis aequicolorum Anthriscus keniensis Anthriscus nemorosa Anthriscus pilosa Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. alpina Chaerophyllum sylvestre var. ateanum Anthriscus sylvestris var. abyssinica Anthriscus keniensis f. gracilis Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. aemula Anthriscus sylvestris var. sylvestris Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. sylvestris

Lower taxons

Anthriscus sylvestris subsp. mollis