Apodytes dimidiata E.Mey. ex Arn.

Species

Angiosperms > Metteniusales ex > Metteniusaceae > Apodytes

Characteristics

Tree, (10-)15-30 m, bole clear, crown high and lax, trunk (20-)40-70 cm Ø; bark rough, dark grey to brown, thin. Branchlets with sparse oblong small lenticels. Leaves oblong-to ovate-elliptic, apex mostly shortly acutely acuminate, rarely obtuse, base often unequal, acute or unilaterally obtuse-rounded, a little decurrent on the petiole, herbaceous to thin-coriaceous, dark green and shining when fresh, brownish-blackish when dry, with fine ± appressed and crisped yellowish hairs on midrib above, petioles and inflorescences, otherwise practically glabrous, entire, (5-)6-13 by (2.5-)3-6 cm, midrib slightly impressed above, prominent beneath, nerves 6-10 spreading pairs, a little raised beneath only, the finest veins mostly ending with free ends within the network of finer nerves; petiole 1-2 cm. Corymbs many-flowered, 3-8 cm incl. the 1-3 cm long peduncle, their branches in a ± right angle. Flower buds oblong. Calyx cup-shaped, almost glabrous, c. ¾ mm, teeth short, pubescent outside. Petals oblong, white to yellowish, fragrant, 5-6 mm. Filaments 1.5 mm; anther cells oblong, yellow, 3.5 mm. Ovary narrow-ovoid, ± densely pubescent; style thick, white, 2.5 mm. Drupe obliquely ellipsoid, compressed, veined, first dark purple, in fully mature state blackish and shining, c. 5 by 9 mm, with a lateral juicy greenish, finally scarlet appendage, and the lateral style almost at its base.
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Trees or much branched shrubs up to 25 m. high, the larger trees with fluted trunks.. Bark smooth, grey; young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent; older branches grey-brown with pale lenticels.. Leaf-blade very variable, ovate-elliptic or broadly elliptic to oblong, 2–15 cm. long, 1.5–8 cm. wide, shortly acuminate or acute to obtuse, cuneate, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, the margin slightly recurved, with the midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, and the secondary veins inconspicuous, turning black on drying.. Flowers many, usually in terminal panicles, rarely axillary, shortly pedicellate or sessile, sweet-scented; bracts minute or absent.. Calyx small, up to 0.5 mm. long, with 5 deltoid lobes.. Petals 5, free, white, drying black, linear, ± 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide.. Ovary ovoid, up to 0.7 mm. long; style eccentric, with the stigmatic surface slightly enlarged at apex, persistent.. Fruit oblique, asymmetric, oblong-obovate, laterally compressed, 5–11 mm. long, 5–9 mm. high, 3–4 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent, black with the lateral lobe red.
Shrubs or trees, (3-)7-10(-20) m tall. Bark gray-white, smooth; branchlets gray-brown, lenticellate; young branches densely yellow puberulent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, densely puberulent when young, becoming sparsely so; leaf blade adaxially yellow-green, black or black-brown when dry, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 6-15 × 3-7.5 cm, glabrous or abaxially on midvein slightly hairy, lateral veins 5-8 pairs, conspicuous abaxially, reticulate veins slender, base cuneate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Panicles terminal, densely yellow puberulent. Flowers light yellow or white; pedicel shorter than 1 mm, densely yellow puberulent. Calyx yellow-green, ca. 0.5 mm, outside sparsely puberulent. Petals yellow-green, oblong, ca. 4 × 1 mm. Filaments purple-green, ca. 1.5 mm; anthers yellow-green, ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary ca. 1.5 mm, densely yellow pubescent; style ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous. Drupe green when young, red to black-red when mature, oblong, ca. 10 × 7 mm, base with a discoid fleshy appendage, with persistent style. Fl. and fr. all seasons.
Leaf-lamina 2–15 × 1·2–8 cm., ovate-elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly glossy or ± glaucous or pruinose, subcoriaceous, apex emarginate or obtuse or acute or shortly acuminate, margin entire or sometimes undulate and slightly recurved, midrib slightly impressed above and prominent beneath, venation obscure; petiole 1–3 cm. long, flattened and channelled above.
A shrub or tree. It grows 7-10 m tall. It can grow 25 m high. Large trees have fluted trunks. The bark is smooth and grey. The leaves vary. They can be oval or oblong. They are 2-15 cm long by 2-8 cm wide. The flowers are in large groups at the ends of branches. The fruit is flattened and oblong. It is 8 mm long. They are black when ripe with a red attachment.
An evergreen tree up to 5–15 m. or a shrub; young branches purplish-green with appressed pale brown hairs; older twigs dark grey with pale lenticels; sap-wood very narrow; heart-wood extremely hard and pink or pale violet in colour; bark smooth, grey.
Flowers 2 mm. long in bud, sessile or shortly pedicellate, with very minute or obsolete bracts and bracteoles, in terminal, loose or subthyrsiform many-flowered sweet-scented panicles.
Fruit 0·6–0·7 × 0·5–0·7 × c. 0·3 cm., ovoid-reniform, subcompressed, black, with a persistent style and a fleshy lateral red (drying black) appendage.
Anthers linear, bilobed-sagittate at the base.
Petals white, drying black, 5 × 1 mm, linear.
Calyx 0·3–0·5 mm. long, 5-fid; lobes deltate.
Ovary ovoid.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 6.1
Root diameter (meter) 0.6
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Sparse woods, dense forests, scrub at elevations of 500-1,900 metres in southern China. Widespread in Africa from sea-level in coastal evergreen bush to fringing forest in Brachystegia-Julbernardia woodland and mountain grassland.
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A tropical plant. It grows in evergreen forest and grassy mountain slopes. It needs frost protection when young. In southern China it grows between 500-1,900 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
Primary rain-forest, on steep slopes or in ravines, edge of stream, on rich maybe volcanic soil, rare, 800-2000 m. Fl. Febr.-Sept., fr. April-Nov.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The leaves are of a bitter and adstringent taste. Wood light brown or yellowish, used in Indo-China for cabinet work, described by MOLL & JANSSONIUS Mikr. 2 1908 244 f. 107 (A. javanica) .
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The leaves can be cooked and eaten. The ripe fruit are eaten.
Uses fuel material medicinal wood
Edible barks fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Astringents (leaf)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is easily grown from seeds. Seeds can take 6 months to germinate. Seeds are sown 3-5 mm deep in a seedling tray.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Apodytes dimidiata habit picture by S. Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)
Apodytes dimidiata habit picture by S. Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Apodytes dimidiata leaf picture by S. Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)
Apodytes dimidiata leaf picture by S. Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)
Apodytes dimidiata leaf picture by S. Dufour-Kowalski (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Apodytes dimidiata flower picture by John Baxter (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Apodytes dimidiata world distribution map, present in Angola, China, Comoros, Algeria, India, Iceland, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mauritius, Philippines, Réunion, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Uruguay, and South Africa

Conservation status

Apodytes dimidiata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:434212-1
WFO ID wfo-0000540853
COL ID FS85
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 705870
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Apodytes inversa Apodytes javanica Apodytes mauritiana Apodytes stuhlmannii Jobalboa aberdarica Mappia philippinensis Nothapodytes philippinensis Neoleretia philippinensis Pterocelastrus macrostylus Apodytes benthamiana Apodytes bequaertii Apodytes giung Apodytes hazomaitso Apodytes acutifolia Apodytes curtisii Apodytes emirnensis Apodytes gardneriana Apodytes tonkinensis Apodytes yunnanensis Apodytes mauritiana Apodytes imerinensis Nothapodytes zeylanica Icacina mauritiana Apodytes frappieri Apodytes dimidiata f. farinosa Apodytes beddomei Apodytes dimidiata f. microphylla Apodytes cambodiana Hemilobium ficifolium Apodytes dimidiata subsp. acutifolia Apodytes dimidiata var. acutifolia Apodytes dimidiata var. emirnensis Apodytes dimidiata var. hazomaitso Apodytes dimidiata var. ikongoensis Apodytes dimidiata var. inversa Apodytes dimidiata subsp. dimidiata Apodytes dimidiata