Arachis hypogaea L.

Peanut (en), Arachide cultivée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Arachis

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, erect to decumbent. Stems erect or procum­bent, (6-)30-80 cm tall, yellowish pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules 2-4 cm, pilose. Leaves usually 4-foliolate; petiole 3.7-10 cm, covered with long flexuous trichomes, basally adnate to stipule; petiolules 1-10 mm, velutinous; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to obovate, 1.1-5.9 × 0.5-3.4 cm, papery, both surfaces with long trichomes, veins ca. 10 on each side of midvein, base almost rounded, margin ciliate, apex obtuse or emarginate and mucronate. Bracts lanceolate, apex acuminate. Flowers 8-10 mm, sessile; bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, velutinous. Calyx tube 4-6 mm, thin. Corolla yellow to golden yellow; standard spreading, apex emarginate; wings distinct, oblong to obliquely ovate, slender; keels distinct, long ovate, shorter than wings, inflexed, apex acuminate to beaked. Ovary oblong; style longer than calyx; stigma terminal, small, sparsely pubescent. Legume geocarpic, oblong, inflated, 2-5 × 1-1.3 cm, thick-walled, retic­ulate veined, with 1-4(-6) seeds. Seeds light brown, oblong, 5-10 mm in diam. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 4n = 40.
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Annual erect or straggling herb ± 30 cm. long.. Stems at first pilose, later glabrescent.. Leaves 4-foliolate; leaflets obovate or elliptic, 1–7 cm. long, 0.7–3.2 cm. wide, rounded or emarginate and mucronate at the apex, narrowly rounded to the base, glabrous, or sparsely pilose beneath, ciliate; free part of petiole 1.5–7 cm. long; petiolules 1–2 mm. long; stipules 1.5– 4 cm. long; free part linear-lanceolate, very acute, 0.6–3.2 cm. long, ciliate.. Flowers axillary, apparently solitary and stalked; primary bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.4 cm. long, 4–5 mm. wide, biapiculate; secondary bracts similar but bifid.. Receptacle 0.2–4 cm. long, pilose.. Corolla yellow, mostly with red nerves, 0.7–1.3 cm. long.. Stamens 8–9.. Pods 2–6 cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. wide, the gynophore becoming 1–20 cm. long.. Seeds irregularly ovoid, 1–2 cm. long and ± two-thirds the length in diameter.. Fig. 63, p. 441.
Leaves 4-foliolate; leaflets 1–7 × 0.7–3.2 cm, obovate or elliptic, rounded or emarginate and mucronate at the apex, narrowly rounded to the base, glabrous, or sparsely pilose beneath, ciliate; free part of petiole 1.5–7 cm long; petiolules 1–2 mm long; stipules 1.5–4 cm long, free part 0.6–3.2 cm long, linear-lanceolate, very acute, ciliate.
Stem soon decumbent; lfls oblong-obovate to obovate, 3–6 cm; fls in the lower axils; standard orbicular, 12–16 mm; pedicel elongating and curved down after anthesis, pushing the fr into the soil; 2n=40. Native of S. Amer., cult. in se. U.S. and occasionally escaped along our s. border. Summer.
Erect or prostrate annual or perennial herb. Leaves paripinnately 4-foliolate, prominently veined. Pods oblong or sausage-shaped, 20-60 mm long with gyno-phore 10-200 mm long. Flowers yellow.
Flowers axillary, apparently solitary and stalked; primary bracts 10–14 × 4–5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, biapiculate; secondary bracts similar but 2-fid.
Seeds 1–2 cm long and c. two-thirds the length in diameter, irregularly ovoid.
Fruit 2–6 × 1–1.5 cm, the gynophore becoming 1–20 cm long.
Corolla yellow, usually with red nerves, 7–13 mm long.
Annual, erect or straggling herb c. 30 cm long.
Stems at first pilose, later glabrescent.
Receptacle 0.2–4 cm long, pilose.
Stamens 8–9.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.55 - 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Not known in a truly wild state.
More
Not known in a truly wild state.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Uses animal food breeding environmental use fiber fodder food forage fuel gene source human nutrition invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison social use technical
Edible leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (aerial part), Antioxidants (bulb), Antifibrinolytic agents (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Antimutagenic agents (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Atherosclerosis (fruit), Cholinesterase inhibitors (fruit), Galactogogues (fruit), Hemophilia a (fruit), Hemorrhage (fruit), Hemostasis (fruit), Hemostatics (fruit), Neoplasms (fruit), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (root), Antinematodal agents (seed), Antiviral agents (seed), Insecticides (seed), Laxatives (seed), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Decoagulant (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Nutritive (unspecified), Ointment (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Solvent (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Shampoo (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antinematodal agents (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Asthenia (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Galactogogues (unspecified), Hypolipidemic agents (unspecified), Hypotension (unspecified), Joint dislocations (unspecified), Kidney diseases (unspecified), Lactation disorders (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Arachis hypogaea habit picture by Vieira do Nascimento Paulo (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea habit picture by Fernando da Luz Schmidt (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea habit picture by gan-gan jatnika (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Arachis hypogaea leaf picture by Rafael Loureiro De Miranda Pinto Rafael (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea leaf picture by Vieira do Nascimento Paulo (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea leaf picture by João Herrera (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Arachis hypogaea flower picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea flower picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea flower picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Arachis hypogaea fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea fruit picture by Goustan Bodin (cc-by-sa)
Arachis hypogaea fruit picture by Goustan Bodin (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Arachis hypogaea world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Azerbaijan, Burundi, Belarus, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Spain, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Guernsey, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Mayotte, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:318562-2
WFO ID wfo-0000174378
COL ID G2TD
BDTFX ID 83354
INPN ID 611649
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arachis nambyquarae Arachis africana Arachis americana Arachidna hypogaea Arachis asiatica Arachis oleifera Arachis rasteiro Lathyrus esquirolii Arachis guaraniana Arachis hypogaea subsp. oleifera Arachis hypogaea subsp. nambyquarae Arachis hypogaea var. nambyquarae Arachis hypogaea var. hypogaea Arachis hypogaea f. nambyquarae Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata Arachis hypogaea subsp. procumbens Arachis hypogaea