Arachis L.

Peanut (en), Arachide (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae

Characteristics

Annual or perennial erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves paripinnately 4-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; stipules partly adnate to the petiole, membranous, apiculate, persistent and veined; stipels absent. Inflorescences axillary short dense sessile 2–7-flowered spikes; bracts membranous, the primary ones biapiculate; bracteoles absent. Flowers ± sessile, soon deciduous; receptacle long and filiform, pedicel-like. Calyx membranous, filiform, 5-lobed, the 4 upper lobes joined, the lower ± free. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow, sometimes striped with red. Standard rounded, shortly narrowed at the base; wings free; keel beaked, incurved. Stamens all joined, 8–10; 4–5 anthers elongate and subbasifixed, alternating with 4–5 short and versatile ones. Ovary subsessile, situated at the base of the receptacular tube, linear, (l–)2–4(–7)-ovuled; style filiform, very long, soon deciduous; stigma minute, terminal. Fruit oblong or sausage-shaped, 1–6-seeded, restricted between the seeds but not articulated, continuous inside, functionally indehiscent, the walls thick and reticulate, developing below the soil, having been pushed beneath by the considerable lengthening, reflexing and stiffening of the gynophore. Seeds irregularly ovoid or oblong; cotyledons thick and fleshy, rich in oil.
More
Herbs, annual. Stipules large, partly adnate with petiole, not spurred. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets opposite, subsessile. Inflores­cences axillary, usually reduced to a solitary flower or a cluster of flowers. Hypanthium long. Calyx membranous; tube slender, elongating with flower development, 5-lobed, adaxial 4 lobes connate. Corolla yellow; standard almost orbicular, without an auricle; wings oblong, auriculate; keel apex slightly beaked. Stamens monadelphous, 10 but usually one absent; anthers dimorphic, long and short ones alternate, long ones almost dorsifixed, short ones basifixed. Ovary subsessile, base elongated and curved after fertilization, with 2 or 3(-6) ovules; style filiform; stigma terminal. Legume oblong, subtorulose, with thick walls, reticulated, 1-5(or 6)-seeded, not breaking into segments, indehiscent, apex not beaked.
Hypanthium slender, greatly elongate; cal distinctly bilabiate; cor yellow; standard much longer than the other pet; stamens 10, monadelphous; anthers alternately oblong and globose; fr developing underground, 2–3-seeded, turgid, indehiscent, slightly constricted between the seeds; perennial herbs with normally 4-foliolate, evenly pinnate lvs, large stipules adnate to the petiole, and small fls. 20+, S. Amer.
Fruit oblong or sausage-shaped, 1–6-seeded, somewhat constricted between the seeds but not articulated, continuous inside, functionally indehiscent, the walls thick and reticulate, developing below the soil, having been pushed beneath by the considerable lengthening, reflexing and stiffening of the gynophore.
Ovary subsessile, situated at the base of the receptacular tube, linear, (1)2–4(7)-ovuled; style filiform, very long, soon deciduous; stigma minute, terminal.
Leaves paripinnately 4-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; stipules partly adnate to the petiole, membranous, apiculate, persistent and veined; stipels absent.
Inflorescences axillary short dense sessile 2–7-flowered spikes; bracts membranous, the primary ones biapiculate; bracteoles absent.
Receptacle long and filiform, pedicel-like; calyx membranous, filiform, 5-lobed, the 4 upper lobes joined, the lower ± free.
Stamens 8–10, all joined; 4–5 anthers elongate and sub-basifixed, alternating with 4–5 short and versatile ones.
Flowers ± sessile, soon deciduous, small or medium-sized, yellow, sometimes striped with red.
Standard rounded, shortly narrowed at the base; wings free; keel beaked, incurved.
Seeds irregularly ovoid or oblong cotyledons thick and fleshy, rich in oil.
Annual or perennial erect or prostrate herbs.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 7 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Arachis unspecified picture
Arachis unspecified picture

Distribution

Arachis world distribution map, present in China and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003907-2
WFO ID wfo-4000002816
COL ID 8V54P
BDTFX ID 85909
INPN ID 445655
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Mundubi Arachidna Arachis

Lower taxons

Arachis helodes Arachis martii Arachis pusilla Arachis villosulicarpa Arachis microsperma Arachis hatschbachii Arachis major Arachis stenophylla Arachis macedoi Arachis pietrarellii Arachis triseminata Arachis ipaensis Arachis williamsii Arachis duranensis Arachis stenosperma Arachis benensis Arachis trinitensis Arachis cardenasii Arachis kuhlmannii Arachis cruziana Arachis batizocoi Arachis repens Arachis oteroi Arachis monticola Arachis marginata Arachis prostrata Arachis tuberosa Arachis paraguariensis Arachis lutescens Arachis villosa Arachis kretschmeri Arachis rigonii Arachis matiensis Arachis appressipila Arachis vallsii Arachis subcoriacea Arachis burkartii Arachis glandulifera Arachis valida Arachis simpsonii Arachis kempff-mercadoi Arachis diogoi Arachis guaranitica Arachis glabrata Arachis brevipetiolata Arachis lignosa Arachis cryptopotamica Arachis dardani Arachis chiquitana Arachis herzogii Arachis douradiana Arachis gracilis Arachis hermannii Arachis archeri Arachis burchellii Arachis giacomettii Arachis pseudovillosa Arachis magna Arachis hoehnei Arachis praecox Arachis correntina Arachis batizogaea Arachis interrupta Arachis linearifolia Arachis submarginata Arachis lignosa Arachis gregoryi Arachis hassleri Arachis praecox Arachis palustris Arachis decora Arachis krapovickasii Arachis benensis Arachis kempff-mercadoi Arachis magna Arachis chiquitana Arachis cruziana Arachis herzogii Arachis microsperma Arachis veigae Arachis jacobinensis Arachis schininii Arachis setinervosa Arachis retusa Arachis benthamii Arachis sesquijuga Arachis palustris Arachis decora Arachis nitida Arachis pflugeae Arachis porphyrocalyx Arachis seridoensis Arachis hypogaea Arachis pintoi