Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C.Nielsen

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Archidendron

Characteristics

Shrub or tree, to 21 m high, 60(-90) cm in diameter. Branchlets terete with decurrent ridges from the leaf-scars, light brown, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-7 cm, glabrous, gland(s) on petiole often present, circular in outline, sessile, subglobose to flat, 1.5-2 mm in diameter; pinnae 1 pair, to 20 cm, glabrous; petiolules 4-6 mm, glabrous; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs per pinna, opposite, drying ± dark greyish on both surfaces or green beneath, chartaceous, equal-or unequal-sided, ovate-elliptic to oblong, 5.5-20.5 by 2.4-7 cm, base ± asymmetrically rounded to broadly cuneate, apex obtusely acuminate, both surfaces glabrous; principal lateral veins c. 6-10 per leaflet-half, strongly arching, non-parallel; reticulation fine, inconspicuous or prominulous on both surfaces, more distinct beneath. Inflorescences either ramiflorous below the leaves or axillary at the distal leaves, with scattered hairs in the distal parts, glabrescent, consisting of glomerules aggregated into panicles to 30 cm long; glomerules or small spikes composed of 4-7 sessile flowers; floral bracts ovate or ovate-elliptic, acute, 0.5-1 mm, appressed-puberulous. Flowers cream or yellowish white, pentamerous, bisexual. Calyx broadly campanulate to cup-shaped, 1-2 mm, scarcely puberulous especially in the proximal part; teeth deltoid, acute, 0.2-0.3 mm. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-5 mm, tube glabrous; lobes ovate-elliptic to oblong, acute, c. 2 mm, appressed-puberulous or glabrous at the apex, reflexed. Stamens c. 8-10 mm, tube equalling the corolla-tube. Ovary solitary, glabrous. Pod greyish to dark brown or dark purple outside, greyish within, falcate or twisted in a wide spiral or contorted into a circle c. 11 cm in diameter, ± deeply lobed between the seeds along the ventral suture, at maturity most often divided quite down to the thickened dorsal suture, the segments being separated by necks, pod woody, to 20-25 by 5.2 cm, glabrous, with inconspicuous veins, dehiscing along the ventral suture. Seeds dark-brown, orbicular, biconvex. 2.8-3.5 cm in diameter, 1-1.5 cm thick.
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A shrub or tree. It can grow to 21 m high. The trunk can be 60 cm across. The branches are round but with ridges down the stem from the leaf scars. The leaf stalk is 2-7 cm long. The leaves are compound with one pair of primary branches and 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets along these. The leaflets are oval and 5.5-20.5 cm long by 2.4-7 cm wide. The flower clusters have 4-7 flowers on one long stalk. They are cream to white with 5 flower parts and both sexes. The fruit is a pod which is dark brown and twisted into a wide spiral or circle. This is about 11 cm across. The pod is deeply lobed between the seeds. The pod is woody and 20-25 cm long by 5 cm across. It opens along the centre. The seeds are dark brown and 3-3.5 cm across. They are 1-1.5 cm thick.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in rainforest including re-growth. It can grow on sand or clay soils. It occurs from sea level up to 1,000 m altitude or sometimes 1600 m in Java.
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Forests of humid and mountainous areas, as well as along river banks. A sub-canopy tree in primary and secondary rain forest and in evergreen forest.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The seeds are also eaten raw and as a side dish with hot curry. Sometimes the water is changed. The seeds are boiled or roasted and eaten. They are used as a flavouring for food. The young shoots and pods are also eaten. A relish is made from thinly sliced nuts. They are also boiled or fried and used as a vegetable. It is also pounded flat, sun dried and deep fried. Caution: Excessive consumption of seeds can affect the kidneys.
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Uses Seeds contain the toxic djenkol acid, which can be removed after two or three boilings. Used for flavouring food. Pods give a purple dye for silk; bark and leaves used for dyeing black; the leaves are used medicinally (cf. Burkill, Ochse & Bakhuizen, and Heyne, 11.cc., and Kostermans 1954: 30).
Uses cosmetics dye environmental use food fuel insecticide material medicinal poison seasoning spice timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves pods saps seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Anodyne (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Circumscission (unspecified), Itch (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The trees are grown from seed planted in the location where they are to grow. A spacing of 10-15 m is suitable.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Archidendron jiringa unspecified picture

Distribution

Archidendron jiringa world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Iceland, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:475066-1
WFO ID wfo-0000199807
COL ID 67PTM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Albizia jiringa Inga kaeringa Mimosa jiringa Feuilleea jiringa Mimosa kaeringa Mimosa djiringa Mimosa koeringa Archidendron jiringa Pithecellobium lobatum Zygia jiringa Pithecellobium lateriflorum Inga koeringa Inga jiringa Pithecellobium jiringa Pithecellobium jiringa Inga attenuata Inga lobata Inga jiringa Zygia jiriuga