Arctostaphylos manzanita Parry

Whiteleaf manzanita (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Arctostaphylos

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, erect, 2-8 m; burl absent or prominent, globose; twigs glabrous, sparsely short-hairy, or glandular-hairy. Leaves: petiole 6-12 mm; blade bright green or glaucous, shiny or dull, widely ovate or oblong-ovate to obovate, 2-5 × 1-3.5 cm, base rounded to ± cuneate, margins entire, plane, surfaces smooth or scabrous, puberulent or veins finely hairy . Inflorescences panicles, 3-7-branched; immature inflorescence ± abruptly deflexed, branches spreading, axis 1.5-4.5 cm, 1+ mm diam., glabrous, sparsely short-hairy, or sparsely glandular-hairy, not viscid; bracts not fully appressed, scalelike, deltate, 2-4 mm, apex mucronate or acuminate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy to finely glandular-hairy. Pedicels 3-8 mm, glabrous. Flowers: corolla white, conic to urceolate; ovary glabrous or minutely stipitate glandular-hairy. Fruits depressed-globose, 8-12 mm diam., hairy or glabrous, stipitate-glandular or smooth. Stones distinct, sometimes connate.
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A shrub. It grows to 2.4-4.5 m high. It is stiff and woody. It can be spreading. The bark is reddish brown. There can be peeling layers of older duller bark. The leaves are thick and oval. There is a white scurf over the leaf when young. The leaves are 5 cm long. The flowers are tiny and in tight clusters. They are urn shaped and deep pink. The fruit are white but become red-brown berries. These are 12 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 2.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry coastal slopes and in canyons up to 1,200 metres. Oak woodlands, chaparral, and open conifer forests; at elevations from sea level to 1,500 metres.
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It is a warm temperate plant. It can tolerate long dry periods. It is resistant to frost. It suits hardiness zones 8-10.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-9

Usage

The fruit have been used to make a drink. They are also used for jelly.
Uses beverage dye forage fuel medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Poison (fruit), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Cold Remedy (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Antidiarrheal (leaf), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Dietary Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Seed are difficult to get to grow. Treatment with smoke may assist germination. Soaking seeds in hot water may help. Plants are often grown from tip cuttings. Planting several plants improves the pollination.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Arctostaphylos manzanita leaf picture by Muscariaman (cc-by-sa)
Arctostaphylos manzanita leaf picture by DGG DGG 2018 (cc-by-sa)
Arctostaphylos manzanita leaf picture by Liz Pucket (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Arctostaphylos manzanita flower picture by Artemis (cc-by-sa)
Arctostaphylos manzanita flower picture by Jan Grantham (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Arctostaphylos manzanita fruit picture by Jackelyn Kelley (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Arctostaphylos manzanita world distribution map, present in United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17827-2
WFO ID wfo-0000543580
COL ID GBN9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arctostaphylos manzanita Arctostaphylos bowermaniae Uva-ursi manzanita Arctostaphylos manzanita var. apiculata Arctostaphylos pungens subsp. manzanita Arctostaphylos manzanita subsp. manzanita

Lower taxons

Arctostaphylos manzanita subsp. elegans Arctostaphylos manzanita subsp. laevigata Arctostaphylos manzanita subsp. roofii